\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u725b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u5728\u5916\u6587\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u53d1\u4e86\u51e0\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5199\u6587\u7ae02\u5929\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u5468\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u7a3f\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u8001\u662frefuse\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u662frevised\uff0c\u6478\u7d22\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8def\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u8270\u8f9b\uff0c\u7814\u4e8c\u4e0a\u5b66\u671f\u6211\u5199\u76844\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6539\u6765\u6539\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u6574\u7684\u5feb\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u80fd\u62ff\u52301.5\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u5c31accept\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u4e4b\u524d\u8981\u5148\u6709\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u53bb\u5199\u600e\u4e48\u5199\u7684\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u65b0\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u900f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53c2\u900f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e8c\uff0c\u548c\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u8981\u803b\u7b11\u3002\u6211\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u4e2a\u7855\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8bba\u6587\u5199\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u8868\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u7b80\u5355\u8bb2\u4e0b\u6211\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u89c1\u89e3\u7684\u7559\u4e0b\u8a00\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u662f\u6750\u6599\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u641e\u7684\u662f\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u8981\u6709\u56fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u9996\u5148\u628a\u56fe\u505a\u7684\u6f02\u6f02\u4eae\u4eae\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662fSEM\uff0cTEM\uff0cUv-vis\uff0cFTIR\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u50ac\u5316\u6548\u679c\u56fe\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u653e\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u653e\u597d\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5c31\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5c31\u5173\u952e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u653e\u56fe\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f60\u8981\u8003\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u54ea\uff1f\uff1b\u56fe\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u4e5f\u653e\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u4e86\uff0c\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u601d\u8def\u6709\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u6784\u601d\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ed9\u51fa\u6211\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u65f6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5148\u5199 Results and discussion\uff0c\u5199\u5b8c\u4e86\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0b\u4e2aConclusion\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636eConclusion\u5199Abstract\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4fe9\u6709\u4e9b\u8bb8\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8865\u5145Experimental\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u96be\u5199\u7684\u5730\u65b9Introduction\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba9\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4eba\u4e00\u770b\u5c31\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5199\u597dIntroduction\u662f\u5173\u4e4e\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u5426\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6240\u5728\u3002\u6211\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4eba\u4e13\u5bb6\u5173\u4e8e\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4ea4\u6d41\u8fc7\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3aIntroduction\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8138\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5ba1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u70b9\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u70b9\u4e0d\u591f\u76f4\u63a5refuse\uff1bIntroduction\u5199\u7684\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u770bResults and discussion\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5176\u5b9e\u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u7684\u662f\u56fe\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u56fe\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u80fd\u56fe\u3002\u6211\u5ba1\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7Journal of Hazardous Materials\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5ba1\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u54b1\u4eec\u56fd\u5185\u67d0\u540d\u724c\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u505a\u7684\u662f\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f16\u8f91\u53d1\u6765\u8ba9\u6211\u5ba1\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u611f\u89c9\u5f88\u83ab\u540d\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7f16\u8f91\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u548c\u6211\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6709\u4e9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd8\u79f0\u6211\u662f\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u8ba4\u771f\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5148\u795d\u798f\u5927\u5bb6\u8bba\u6587\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff0c\u7855\u679c\u7d2f\u7d2f\u4e0d\u51cf\u5f53\u5e74\u52c7\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n
1. \u524d\u8a00\u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n 1.1.\u00a0\u5982\u4f55\u6307\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5f15\u5bfc\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n \u901a\u5e38\u5728\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u524d\u4eba\u6210\u679c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7528However\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<\/p>\n However, little information…<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0little attention has been devoted to\u2026<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0little work…<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0little data \/ little research<\/p>\n or \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0few studies \/ investigations \/ few attempts have been don on\u2026<\/p>\n or \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0none of these studies<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 … has (have) been less done on … \/ focused on \/ attempted to\/conducted \/ investigated \/ studied (with respect to)<\/p>\n OR \u00a0To the author’s knowledge… There is little information available in literature about…<\/p>\n Until recently, there is some lack of knowledge about…<\/p>\n Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed to consider\/ignored\/misinterpreted\/neglected to\/overestimated\/underestimated\/misleaded<\/p>\n thus, these previous results are \u00a0inconclusive \/ misleading\u2026\/unsatisfactory \/ questionable \/controversial..<\/p>\n Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist …<\/p>\n \u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u5426\u5b9a\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4f60\u770b\u6765\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u524d\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u6700\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u53eb\u505a\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5ccredits.<\/p>\n \u6240\u4ee5\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0d\u8981\u51fa\u73b0\u975e\u5e38negative\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Their results are wrong, very questionable, have no commonsense, etc.<\/p>\n \u53ef\u4ee5\u5a49\u8f6c\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n Their studies may be more reasonable if they had considered this situation.<\/p>\n Their results could be better convinced if they …<\/p>\n Or \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Their conclusion may remain some uncertainties. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n 1.2.\u00a0\u4e4b\u540e\u5f15\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u65b9\u5411<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u524d\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u5df1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n However, data is still scarce\/rare\/less accurate<\/p>\n There is still dearth of<\/p>\n We need to \/ aim to \/ have to provide more documents \/ data \/ records \/ studies<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 increase the dataset<\/p>\n Further studies are still necessary… \/ essential… \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n \u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u5df1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8fd8\u8981\u5728However\u4e4b\u524d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u81ea\u5df1\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53cd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7b49\u7b49, \u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n 1)\u65f6\u95f4\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b0\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u63d0\u53ca\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u8001\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bf4(However)\uff0c\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u8db3<\/p>\n 2)\u7269\u6027\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u6bb5\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u624b\u6bb5\u6216\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bf4\u5bf9\u4f60\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u751a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n 3)\u7814\u7a76\u533a\u57df\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n \u9996\u5148\u603b\u7ed3\u76f8\u90bb\u533a\u57df\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u8db3<\/p>\n 4)\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027<\/p>\n \u867d\u7136\u524d\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u79cd\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cduncertanties, ambiguities\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6f84\u6e05<\/p>\n 5)\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u4fe1\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n We aim to test the feasibility (reliability) of the …<\/p>\n It is hoped that the question will be resolved (fall away) with our proposed method (approach).<\/p>\n 1.3. \u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n We aim to\u2026<\/p>\n This paper reports on\u2026<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0provides results..<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0extends the method\u2026<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0focus on..<\/p>\n The purpose of this paper is to..<\/p>\n Furthermore, Moreover, In addition,, we will also discuss…<\/p>\n 1.4. \u5708\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4<\/strong><\/p>\n \u524d\u8a00\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u8bfb\u8005\u5305\u62ec(reviewer)\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u597d\uff0creviewer\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u67d0\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u6bb5\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u8a00\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4f60\u5c31\u8981\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u672c\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff1a<\/p>\n 1)\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u672c\u6587\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n We preliminarily focus on the older (younger)…<\/p>\n \u6216\u8005\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898 (long-term and short term)\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u672c\u6587\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd<\/p>\n 2) \u7814\u7a76\u533a\u57df\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n \u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u4f60\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a<\/p>\n 1.5. \u6700\u540e\u7684\u539f\u573a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5728\u524d\u8a00\u7684\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u6027\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n \u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0cfurther studies on … will be summarized in our next study (or elsewhere)<\/p>\n \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u628a\u601d\u8def\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u4f60\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u51cf\u5c11\u4e89\u8bba(arguments).<\/p>\n 2. \u600e\u6837\u63d0\u51fa\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u906d\u5230reviewer\u7684\u7f6e\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n 1)\u5982\u679c\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u65b0\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u7528<\/p>\n We confirm that…<\/p>\n 2)\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u5f88\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9,\u53ef\u7528<\/p>\n We believe that…<\/p>\n 3)\u5728\u66f4\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c<\/p>\n \u7528\uff0c Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…<\/p>\n 4) \u5728\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u522b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528We put forward (discover, observe..) .. “for the first time”.<\/p>\n \u6765\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n 5) \u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u7528 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n We tentatively put forward (interpret this to..)<\/p>\n Or \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The results may be due to (caused by)\/ \u00a0attributed to \/ resulted from..<\/p>\n Or \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It seems that .. can account for (interpret) this..<\/p>\n \u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u8981\u5408\u7406\u642d\u914d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u901a\u7bc7\u662f\u7c7b\u578b1)\u548c5)\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u5927\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5168\u662f2)\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u906d\u5230\u7f6e\u7591\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u679c\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n 3. \u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u5199\u82f1\u6587\u8bba\u6587\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bdb\u75c5\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n 1)\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8981\u6709\u8fde\u8d2f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u72ec\u7acb<\/p>\n \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u8bed\u6709:<\/p>\n also, in addition, \u00a0afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further,<\/p>\n However, although, unlike, in contrast, Unfortunately,<\/p>\n Similarly, alternatively, parallel results, Compared with other results,<\/p>\n In order to, despite, For example<\/p>\n consequently, thus, therefore…<\/p>\n \u7528\u597d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u89c2\u70b9\u8868\u8fbe\u5f97\u6709\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n \u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d9\u8ff0\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u6587\u732e\uff0c<\/p>\n \u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u7528AA advocated it for the first time.<\/p>\n \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u7528Then BB further demonstrated that..<\/p>\n \u518d\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u7528Afterwards, CC..<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u53ef\u7528More recent studies by DD..<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u622a\u7136\u5206\u5f00<\/p>\n AA put forward that…….. \u00a0In contrast, BB believe<\/p>\n or \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Unlike AA, BB suggest\u2026<\/p>\n or \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0On the contrary (\u8868\u660e\u524d\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u660e\u4e24\u79cd\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7528in contrast)\uff0c BB.. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u8fd1,\u53ef\u7528<\/p>\n AA suggest \u2026.. Similarly ( alternatively), \u00a0BB..<\/p>\n Or \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Also, BB\u2026<\/p>\n or \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0BB also does \u2026<\/p>\n \u8868\u793a\u56e0\u679c\u6216\u8005\u524d\u540e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u7528 Consequently, therefore, as a result,<\/p>\n \u8868\u660e\u9012\u8fdb\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u7528furthermore, further, moreover, in addition,<\/p>\n \u5f53\u5199\u5b8c\u4e00\u6bb5\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u9996\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u662f\u5426\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n 2) \u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n \u7ecf\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n \u9996\u5148\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u8981\u660e\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u8bfb\u8005\u4f60\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u4efd \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n …Therefore, there are three aspects of this problem have to be addressed.<\/p>\n The first question involves…<\/p>\n The second problem relates to \u2026<\/p>\n The third aspect deals with…<\/p>\n \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u628a\u89c2\u70b9\u9010\u5c42\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n Or, \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528First, Second, Third….. Finally,..<\/p>\n \u5f53\u7136, Furthermore, in addition\u7b49\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n 4. \u6b63\u6587\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u628a\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e00\u822c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u6307\u51fa\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u660e\u767d\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u4f1a\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u6863\u6b21\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u9664\u4e86\u672c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u8bfb\u61c2\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u80fd\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5916\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u8bfb\u61c2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8ba8\u8bba\u90e8\u4efd\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u63d0\u51fa\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e13\u4e1a\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u6210\u9ed1\u7bb1\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u672c\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n 5. \u5173\u4e8eabbreviation<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u6587\u7ae0\u7528\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7684Abbreviation\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n 1) \u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u597d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e2aAppendix\uff0c\u628a\u6240\u6709Abbreviation\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n 2) \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u65f6\u5730\u7ed9\u51faAbbreviation\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u9192\u8bfb\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u8bfb\u61c2\uff0c\u8bfb\u5f97\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u91c7\u53d6\u5404\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bfb\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n 6. Discussion \u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n 6.1. \u65f6\u6001<\/strong><\/p>\n (a) \u6307\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u56fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u3002\u5982\uff1aFigure 2 shows the variation in the temperature of the samples over time.<\/p>\n (b) \u53d9\u8ff0\u6216\u603b\u7ed3\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u3002\u5982\uff1aAfter flights of less than two hours, 11% of the army pilots and 33% of the civilian pilots reported back pain.<\/p>\n (c) \u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf4\u660e\u6216\u7531\u5176\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u63a8\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u3002\u5982\uff1aThe higher incidence of back pain in civilian pilots may be due to their greater accumulated flying time.<\/p>\n (d) \u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u91c7\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5173\u7cfb\u591a\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53d7\u65f6\u95f4\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff09\u3002\u5982\uff1aThese results agree well with the findings of Smith, et al.<\/p>\n 7. \u8ba8\u8bba\u90e8\u4efd\u5305\u62ec\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n 7.1.\u00a0\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/p>\n 1) \u4e3b\u8981\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n 2) \u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u524d\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n 3) \u672c\u6587\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e09\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u4f5c\u8005\u770b\u6765\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7ed9\u51fa\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u6070\u6070\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u523b\u610f\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n \u6240\u8c13\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9:<\/p>\n a) \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u70b9\u7247\u9762<\/p>\n \u00a0\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8bf4\uff0c<\/p>\n \u00a0It should be noted that this study has examined only\u2026<\/p>\n \u00a0We concentrate (focus) on only…<\/p>\n \u00a0We have to point out that we do not\u2026<\/p>\n \u00a0Some limitations of this study are…<\/p>\n b) \u7ed3\u8bba\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8db3<\/p>\n The results do not imply\u2026<\/p>\n The results can not be used to determine\u2026<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 be taken as evidence of\u2026<\/p>\n Unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data\u2026<\/p>\n Our results are lack of …<\/p>\n \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u52a0\u5f3a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e3a\u522b\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u6253\u4e0b\u6d6e\u7b14\u3002<\/p>\n Notwithstanding its limitation, this study does suggest\u2026<\/p>\n However, these problems could be solved if we consider\u2026<\/p>\n Despite its preliminary character, this study can clearly indicate\u2026<\/p>\n \u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u5de6\u53f3\u9022\u6e90\u3002\u628a\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4eba\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u524d\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4ee3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u660e\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6216\u8005\u8bd5\u9a8c\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u8fc7\u4f60\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6e38\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n P.S.<\/p>\n \u575a\u4fe1\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff1aprove, demonstrate<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a show\uff0cindicate\uff0cfound<\/p>\n \u8868\u793a\u63a8\u6d4b: \u00a0imply\uff0csuggest<\/p>\n 7.2.\u00a0\u5173\u4e8e\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u6001:<\/strong><\/p>\n (1) \u56de\u987e\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u7684\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u3002\u5982\uff1aIn this study, the effects of two different learning methods were investigated.<\/p>\n (2) \u5982\u679c\u6240\u6982\u8ff0\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u53ea\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u672c\u6b21\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9700\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u3002\u5982\uff1a In the first series of trials, the experimental values were all lower than the theoretical predictions. The experimental and theoretical values for the yields agree well.<\/p>\n (3) \u9610\u8ff0\u7531\u7ed3\u679c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u3002\u5982\uff1aThe data reported here suggest (These findings support the hypothesis, Our data provide evidence) that the reaction rate may be determined by the amount of oxygen available.<\/p>\n Some points of style \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n (\u6458\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u5916\u7684Writing a Paper, \u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u9519\u7684)<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Do not use nouns as adjectives \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\uff08\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u540d\u8bcd\u5f53\u4f5c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7528\uff09<\/p>\n Not: ATP formation; reaction product<\/p>\n But: Formation of ATP; product of the reaction<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The word \u201cthis\u201d must always be followed by a noun, so that its reference is explicit.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\uff08This \u540e\u9762\u5fc5\u987b\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\uff09<\/p>\n Not: This is a fast reaction; This leads us to conclude..,<\/p>\n But: This reaction is fast; This observation leads us to conclude\u2026<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Describe experimental results in the past tense. \u00a0\uff08\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff09<\/p>\n Not: Addition of water gives product.<\/p>\n But: Addition of water gave product.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Use the active voice whenever possible. \u00a0\uff08\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\uff09<\/p>\n Not: It was observed that the solution turned red.<\/p>\n But: The solution turned red.<\/p>\n OR \u00a0We observed that the solution turned red.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Complete all comparisons. \uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f62\u5f0f \u00a0A is higher than B\uff09<\/p>\n Not: The yield was higher using bromine.<\/p>\n But: The yield was higher using bromine than chlorine.<\/p>\n \u8fd1\u671f\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u53e5\u5f0f\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u4e8680-84\u697c\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8ba4\u771f\u770b\u5b8c\u7684\u4eba\u591a\u5c11\u4f1a\u6709\u4e9b\u6536\u83b7\uff01<\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u5c0f\u6728\u866b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005wandaohzl\u3002<\/p>\n