{"id":89691,"date":"2017-07-04T06:30:47","date_gmt":"2017-07-03T22:30:47","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=89691"},"modified":"2017-07-04T09:09:42","modified_gmt":"2017-07-04T01:09:42","slug":"%e9%80%8f%e5%b0%84%e7%94%b5%e9%95%9c%e4%b8%8b%e7%9c%8b%e5%88%b0%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e5%ad%90%e5%83%8f%e7%9a%84%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e6%84%8f%e4%b9%89%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=89691","title":{"rendered":"\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u4e0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u50cf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u539a\u5ea6\u886c\u5ea6\u548c\u884d\u5c04\u886c\u5ea6\u7684\u53e0\u52a0\u3002\u5c31\u884d\u5c04\u886c\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6676\u683c\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u6563\u5c04\u4e4b\u540e\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u5728\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u591f\u79f0\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u50cf\u5462\uff1f\u53e6\u5916\u5fae\u8fc7\u7126\u548c\u5fae\u6b20\u7126\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u4eae\u70b9\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u50cf\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u6697\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

Part 1: Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u8c13TEM\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u653e\u5927\u955c\u53e0\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u7167\u76f8\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u53f0\u653e\u5927\u955c\u7684\u653e\u5927\u500d\u6570\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u9ad8\u8fbe\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u500d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u629b\u5f00\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u8c08\u653e\u5927\u500d\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u800d\u6d41\u6c13\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cTEM\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u6709\u591a\u9ad8\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f it depends\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cTEM\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u8981\u57281\u52302\u4e2a\u7eb3\u7c73\uff0cSTEM\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u662fSTEM\u5f97\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eSEM\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8c\u6b21\u7535\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6210\u50cf\u9760\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u5728\u6b64\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u6ce2\u957f\u8303\u56f4\u5728390nm\u5230720nm\uff0c\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u745e\u4e3d\u51c6\u5219\uff08Rayleigh criterion\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u6781\u9650\u5927\u6982\u5728200nm\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5bf9\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u5de5\u4e1a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9.18 \u5de5\u827a\u5f88\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5149\u523b\u673a\u6240\u7528\u7684\u5149\u6e90\u8fd8\u5904\u5728\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u60f3\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u60f3\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u6709\u6ce2\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u662f\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u9760\u5f80\u6210\u50cf\u7269\u4f53\u4e0a\u9762\u6254\u4e00\u5806\u76ae\u7403\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0TEM\u6784\u5efa\u4e8e1931\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4eba\u5de5\u5229\u7528\u3002\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f57\u610f1924\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u8c61\u6027\uff0c1929\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8bfa\u5956\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e0d\u5230\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u628a\u7535\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6ce2\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6ce2\u957f\u6781\u77ed\uff0c\u572810-10<\/sup>m\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u6ce2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5149\u6e90\u6240\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u50cf\u662f\u59a5\u59a5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u50cf\u662f\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aTEM\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7269\u955c\u592a\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002\u5149\u5b66\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u56db\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u7136\u540eTEM\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u78c1\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u78c1\u900f\u955c\u770b\u7269\u4f53\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u62ff\u8d77\u5851\u6599\u53ef\u4e50\u74f6\u7684\u74f6\u5e95\u53bb\u770b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n
\n

Part 2: \u7403\u5dee<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u900f\u955c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8ba9\u663e\u5fae\u5b66\u8005\u6700\u5934\u75bc\u7684\u7403\u5dee\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u805a\u7126\u662f\u9760\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\u529b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u4ee5\u65cb\u8fdb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u805a\u7126\u3002\u5728TEM\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u5149\u8f74\uff0c\u5c31\u548c\u5149\u5b66\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e2d\u7684\u5149\u8f74\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u504f\u79bb\u5149\u8f74\u65f6\uff0c\u900f\u955c\u5bf9\u5149\u7684\u805a\u7126\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u9760\u8fd1\u5149\u8f74\u7684\u805a\u7126\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e86\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u7a7f\u8fc7\u900f\u955c\u7684\u5149\u90fd\u80fd\u805a\u7126\u5230\u7126\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u5149\u5b66\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u91cc\u9762\u7b97\u662f\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u81f4\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728TEM\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5475\u5475\uff0c\u53ef\u4e50\u74f6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u78c1\u900f\u955c\u5728\u805a\u7126\u504f\u79bb\u5149\u8f74\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u65f6\u805a\u7126\u7684\u592a\u5389\u5bb3\u4e86\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u504f\u79bb\u5149\u8f74\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u63d0\u524d\u5728\u5149\u8f74\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u805a\u7126\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5b9e\u9645\u805a\u7126\u70b9\u5728\u5149\u8f74\u4e0a\u9762\u8fde\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u805a\u7126\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u5728\u6563\u5f00\u53bb\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u6591\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6591\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728TEM\u8fd8\u662f\u5728SEM\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u805a\u5149\u6591\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728STEM\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bd5\u60f3\uff0c\u8981\u5f62\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u50cf\uff0c\u4f60\u603b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e0c\u671b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u539f\u5b50\u5927\u7684\u6591\u53bb\u7167\u539f\u5b50\u5427\uff1f\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5927\u69820.25nm\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u6591\u5c310.8nm\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u884d\u5c04\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6591\u90fd\u4f1a\u91cd\u5408\u4e86\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\u52a0\u4e0a\u884d\u5c04\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8f83\u725b\u903c\u7684\u7535\u955c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6821\u6b63\u7403\u5dee\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u5355\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u53cc\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e2a\u63d2\u6ee1\u7ea2\u9ec4\u84dd\u7eff\u7ba1\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u5f62\u76d2\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7535\u955c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6602\u8d35\u7684\uff0cFEI\u7684TItan\uff0c\u89813400\u4e07\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u542c\u8bf4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u771f\u5047\uff1a\u5411FEI\u9884\u5b9a\u7535\u955c\u7684\u8bdd\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u4ed8\u4e00\u7b14\u94b1\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6\u4e0a\u4f1a\u8bf4\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u53f0\u6210\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u7535\u955c\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u6709\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6700\u7ec8\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7535\u955c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u9996\u6b3e\u4f1a\u88ab\u9000\u56de\u5f53\u505a\u662f\u8865\u507f\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u5c1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u884c\u5236\u9020TEM\uff0c\u636e\u6211\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u597d\u50cfSEM\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u9664\u4e86\u7403\u5dee\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u50cf\u5dee\u662f \u8272\u5dee\u8fd8\u6709\u50cf\u6563\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d77\u7403\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u50cf\u5dee\u7684\u6821\u6b63\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u9762\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u8bfe\u672c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d58\u8ff0\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

Part 3: \u8d28\u539a\u886c\u5ea6\u548c Z \u886c\u5ea6<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u7528TEM\u7684\u79f0\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u8d28\u539a\u79f0\u5ea6\u3002\u76f4\u89c2\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u5927\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u539a\u5ea6\u539a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u963b\u788d\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u79f0\u5ea6\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5411\u539f\u5b50\u65b9\u9762\u60f3\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5165\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u6563\u5c04\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684Z\u79f0\u5ea6\uff0cSTEM\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5355\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u50cf\uff0c\u66f4\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u662f\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u7740\u7684\uff0cSTEM\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u8fa8\u6676\u683c\u632f\u52a8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u50cf\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3002\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0cTEM \u548cSTEM \u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cTEM\u548cSTEM\u4e5f\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662fTitan\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u9769\u65b0\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9TEM\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6700\u65b0\u7684TEM\uff0c\u8fde\u7528\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u4f4e\u500d\u6210\u50cf\u65f6\u7528\u7684\u8367\u5149\u5c4f\u90fd\u7701\u7565\u4e86\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7528CCD\u5728\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u6210\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n

Part 4: \u6676\u683c\u50cf\u548c\u76f8\u4f4d\u886c\u5ea6<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u7684TEM mode\u5c31\u662f\u660e\u6697\u573a\u50cf\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7403\u5dee\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5f62\u6210\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u50cf\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8272\u5dee\uff0c\u50cf\u6563\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6167\u5dee\uff0c\u57285\u4e2a\u57c3\u5de6\u53f3\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u51cf\u5f31\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u7684TEM\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u50cf\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/div>\n

\n
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\"\"<\/div>\n
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\"\"<\/div>\n
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\u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u77e5\u4e4e\u4f5c\u8005Jason\uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/38596552\/answer\/77139465<\/p><\/div>\n

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