{"id":88190,"date":"2017-07-07T06:30:21","date_gmt":"2017-07-06T22:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=88190"},"modified":"2017-06-24T16:46:01","modified_gmt":"2017-06-24T08:46:01","slug":"%e4%bb%8e35%e4%ba%bf%e5%b9%b4%e5%89%8d%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%a9%e7%84%b6%e7%ba%b3%e7%b1%b3%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e5%88%b0%e7%ba%b3%e7%b1%b3%e5%88%b6%e9%80%a0%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=88190","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece35\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7eb3\u7c73\u7269\u8d28\u5230\u7eb3\u7c73\u5236\u9020\u65f6\u4ee3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4eca,\u7eb3\u7c73\u5236\u9020\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5df1\u7ecf\u5230\u6765,\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u66d9\u5149\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u5165,\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u65ad\u62d3\u5c55,\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u6700\u53d7\u8ffd\u6367\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728Science\u548cNature\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u79d1\u6280\u8bc4\u6bd4\u4e2d,\u6709\u5173\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u603b\u5728\u524d\u5217\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5236\u5b9a\u8ba1\u5212,\u5c06\u5f00\u53d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6218\u7565,\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u9010\u5e74\u9012\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u270e\u00a0\u7136\u800c,\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u4ece\u5929\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u7269\u8d28(\u5982\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u7ec6\u83cc\u3001\u70df\u5c18\u7b49)\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u64cd\u63a7\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u5236\u9020\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599,\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u89c9\u3001\u4ece\u8bbe\u60f3\u5230\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u518d\u5230\u5236\u9020\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u7269\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7ec6\u80de<\/strong><\/p>\n

35\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d,\u9996\u6279\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u5373\u662f\u5929\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7eb3\u7c73\u673a\u5668\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f53,\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e86\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3001DNA\u3001RNA \u5206\u5b50\u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u751f\u7269\u673a\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u201c\u5668\u5b98\u201d\u5404\u53f8\u5176\u804c\u3002\u5efa\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u751f\u957f,\u4f7f\u5730\u7403\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8868\u9762\u5e03\u6ee1\u4e86\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u7b49\u79cd\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28,\u5b83\u628a\u5730\u7403\u5927\u6c14\u5927\u90e8\u5206CO\u2082<\/sub>\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aO\u2082<\/sub>,\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u7684\u8868\u9762\u548c\u5927\u6c14\u3002\u53ef\u89c1,\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7eb3\u7c73\u673a\u5668\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u8d77\u7740\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5929\u7136\u65e0\u673a\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9664\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u7269\u8d28\u5916,\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5929\u7136\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd,\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u6536\u96c6\u8721\u70db\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u70df\u5c18\u6765\u5236\u9020\u7cbe\u58a8,\u8fd9\u79cd\u70df\u5c18\u5c31\u662f\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u78b3\u9ed1;\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u94dc\u955c\u8868\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u5c42\u8584\u8584\u7684\u9632\u9508\u5c42,\u7ecf\u8fc7\u68c0\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u9632\u9508\u5c42\u662f\u7531\u7eb3\u7c73\u6c27\u5316\u9521\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8584\u819c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5929\u7136\u65e0\u673a\u7eb3\u7c73\u7269\u8d28\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5929\u7136\u7d20\u6750\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u516c\u5143\u524d400\u5e74,Democritus\u548cLeucippus\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u8bba(atom),\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840,\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u6784\u9020\u65b0\u7269\u8d28\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u59cb\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3,Thomas Graham\u4f7f\u7528\u660e\u80f6\u6eb6\u89e3\u6269\u6563\u540e\u5236\u5907\u4e86\u80f6\u4f53,\u80f6\u4f53\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u76f4\u5f84\u4e3a1~100nm\u3002\u540e\u6765\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u80f6\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76,\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u80f6\u4f53\u5316\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u30021905\u5e74,Albert Einstein\u7531\u7cd6\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6269\u6563\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u76f4\u5f84\u7ea6\u4e3a1nm,\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u611f\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u76f4\u52301935\u5e74,Max Knoll\u548cN.Ruska\u7814\u5236\u51fa\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c,\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e9a\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u7684\u6210\u50cf,\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u63a2\u7d22\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u6280\u672f\u915d\u917f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4,\u65e5\u672c\u540d\u53e4\u5c4b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7530\u826f\u4e8c\u6559\u6388\u4e3a\u65e5\u519b\u5bfc\u5f39\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u7814\u5236\u4e00\u79cd\u7ea2\u5916\u8f90\u5c04\u5438\u6536\u5242,\u5728\u60f0\u6027\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0b,\u5229\u7528\u771f\u7a7a\u84b8\u53d1\u6cd5\u5236\u5907\u4e86\u7eaf\u950c\u9ed1,\u950c\u9ed1\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7c92\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e10nm\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645,\u6218\u4e89\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u3002\u540e\u6765,\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5236\u5907\u4e86\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u7c92\u5b50,\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5,\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d85\u5fae\u7c92\u5b50(ultra-fine particles),\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5236\u9020\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8d77\u6e90<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8d39\u66fc\u9884\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

1959\u5e7412\u6708,\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005Richard Feynman\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5728\u5e95\u90e8\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7a7a\u95f4\u300b (There’s plenty of room at the bottom)\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u201c\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d (bottom up)\u51fa\u53d1,\u63d0\u51fa\u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u751a\u81f3\u539f\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u88c5,\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u9053,\u201c\u81f3\u5c11\u4f9d\u6211\u770b\u6765,\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u5730\u5236\u9020\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u201d\u5e76\u9884\u8a00,\u201c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ec6\u5fae\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8bdd,\u5c06\u6781\u5927\u5730\u6269\u5145\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u7269\u6027\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u201d\u5c3d\u7ba1\u771f\u6b63\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u7eb3\u7c73\u201d\u8303\u7574\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u51fa\u73b0,\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bb2\u7a3f\u4e2d,\u8d39\u66fc\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u672a\u6765,\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8d77\u4e86\u754c\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528,\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7c73\u8303\u7574\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a,\u4ee5\u540e\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5728\u6781\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bb2\u8bdd\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u30021968\u5e74,Alfred Y\u3002Cho\u548cJohn\u3002 Archur\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u5229\u7528\u5206\u5b50\u675f\u5916\u5ef6\u751f\u957f\u6280\u672f,\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u6c89\u79ef\u51fa\u5355\u5c42\u539f\u5b50;1969\u5e74Esaki\u548cTsu\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d85\u6676\u683c(super lattices)\u7406\u8bba,\u5b83\u7531\u4e24\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8584\u7247\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u4ea4\u66ff\u751f\u957f\u6240\u6784\u6210\u30021971\u5e74,\u5f20\u7acb\u7eb2\u7b49\u5229\u7528\u8d85\u6676\u683c\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u675f\u5916\u5ef6\u751f\u957f\u6280\u672f,\u5236\u5907\u4e86\u80fd\u9699\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u591a\u5c42\u819c,\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u9631\u548c\u8d85\u6676\u683c,\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u91cf\u5b50\u9631\u4e2d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u9650\u5236\u6548\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76,\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7814\u5236\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5149\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u5fae\u7535\u5b50\u5668\u4ef6\u30021974\u5e74,\u8c37\u53e3\u7eaa\u7537(Norio Taniguchi)\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u201c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd,\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u516c\u5dee\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u03bcm \u7684\u673a\u68b0\u52a0\u5de5,\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u6280\u672f\u5c55\u73b0\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u4f46\u662f,\u5f53\u65f6\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u56fe\u666f\u8fd8\u8fdc\u4e0d\u660e\u6717\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7c73\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u2014\u2014STM<\/strong><\/p>\n

1981\u5e74,Gerd Binnig\u548cHeirich Rohrer\u6839\u636e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u96a7\u9053\u6548\u5e94\u7814\u5236\u51fa\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u626b\u63cf\u96a7\u9053\u663e\u5fae\u955c(STM),\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u63a2\u6d4b\u56fa\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u96a7\u9053\u7535\u6d41\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u56fa\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u8c8c\u548c\u64cd\u7eb5\u3002STM \u7684\u53d1\u660e\u662f\u663e\u5fae\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d,\u5b83\u662f\u201c\u7eb3\u7c73\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u201d\u3002\u5728STM \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a,\u4eba\u4eec\u7814\u5236\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u63a2\u9488\u663e\u5fae\u955c,\u5982\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u663e\u5fae\u955c(AFM)\u3001\u78c1\u529b\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u548c\u6fc0\u5149\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u3002STM \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u5730\u89c2\u6d4b\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u8868\u9762\u5355\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5217\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u7535\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7269\u5316\u6027\u8d28,Gerd Binnig\u548cHeirich Rohrer\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f971986\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u660e\u626b\u63cf\u96a7\u9053\u663e\u5fae\u955c\uff08STM\uff09\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Gerd Binnig\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u4e0e Heinrich Rohrer\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aIBM<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u64cd\u7eb5<\/strong><\/p>\n

1989\u5e74,IBM \u516c\u53f8Almaden \u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684Donald M\u3002 Eigler\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5728STM \u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u4e0b,\u5c06\u5438\u9644\u5728\u91d1\u5c5eNi (110)\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u768435\u4e2aXe\u539f\u5b50\u79fb\u52a8,\u5e76\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86IBM \u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd,\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5b9e\u73b0\u5355\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u7eb5,\u6210\u4e3a1990\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u5341\u5927\u79d1\u6280\u65b0\u95fb\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u7eb5\u5355\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u4e2d,\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5236\u9020\u5206\u5b50\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n

1990\u5e747\u6708,\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469\u53ec\u5f00,\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u6b63\u5f0f\u628a\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u652f\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9,\u5728\u6574\u4e2a90\u5e74\u4ee3\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

1991\u5e74,\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005Sumio Iijima\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u58c1\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1,\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u7684\u95ee\u4e16\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u540eIijima\u548cIBM \u516c\u53f8Donald Bethune\u5236\u6210\u4e86\u5355\u58c1\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

1995\u5e74,\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5229\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u5c42\u5916\u5ef6(ALE)\u6280\u672f\u5236\u6210\u4e86\u572880K\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u70b9\u6fc0\u5149\u5668,\u4eca\u5929\u91cf\u5b50\u70b9\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\u5927\u91cf\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5149\u7ea4\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u5149\u76d8\u5b58\u53d6\u3001\u663e\u793a\u5668\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

1990\u5e74,L\u3002T\u3002Canham \u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u5b54\u7845\u53d1\u5149\u73b0\u8c61,\u8fd9\u4e3a\u5728\u7845\u7247\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5149\u7535\u96c6\u6210\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u524d\u666f,\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5668\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7535\u4e92\u8054\u9020\u6210\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6ede\u540e\u5f0a\u7aef,\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

1997\u5e74,\u660e\u5c3c\u82cf\u8fbe\u5927\u5b66\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91c7\u7528\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e73\u677f\u5370\u5237\u672f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7814\u5236\u4e86\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u78c1\u76d8,\u78c1\u76d8\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a100nm\u00d7100nm,\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u76f4\u5f84\u4e3a100nm\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a40nm \u7684\u94b4\u68d2\u6309\u5468\u671f\u4e3a40nm \u6392\u5217\u6210\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u68d2\u9635\u5217,\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8fbe\u523041011\u6bd4\u7279\/\u82f1\u5bf8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa,\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u767e\u82b1\u9f50\u653e,\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5c06\u53d1\u5c55\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6218\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

2000\u5e74,\u65f6\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u514b\u6797\u987f\u5ba3\u5e03\u542f\u52a8\u56fd\u5bb6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8ba1\u5212(National Nanotechnology Initiative,NNI),\u4f7f\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u8d39\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0,\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u5927\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8,\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u7814\u7a76\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u90e8\u79d1\u5b66\u7701\u57282002\u5e74\u5ea6\u9884\u7b97\u91cc\u5c06\u62e8\u6b3e301\u4ebf\u65e5\u5143(\u7ea6\u54082\u300234\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143),\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7efc\u5408\u652f\u63f4\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b27\u6d32,\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u5408\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5404\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u5171\u540c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u6240\u9700\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u6700\u4e3a\u5e9e\u5927,\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e5f\u6700\u591a,\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u9886\u57df\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb,\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281991\u5e7411\u6708\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a,\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u6280\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6027\u79d1\u6280\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5c06\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5236\u5907\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u5217\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u201c\u516b\u4e94\u201d\u91cd\u70b9\u9879\u76ee,\u5728\u201c\u5341\u4e94\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u7eb2\u8981\u4e2d,\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u53d1\u5c55\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u6280\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u8ba1,\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u7701\u5e02\u5c06\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u5217\u5165\u5f53\u5730\u201c\u5341\u4e94\u201d\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n

2001\u5e74\u521d,\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u6210\u7acb\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u6280\u6307\u5bfc\u534f\u8c03\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a,\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ec4\u7ec7\u534f\u8c03\u5168\u56fd\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u6280\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u53d1\u529b\u91cf,\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u5173\u89c4\u5212\u30022001\u5e747\u6708,\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u7eb2\u8981\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

2006\u5e74,\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u957f\u671f\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5212\u7eb2\u8981(2006\u20142020\u5e74)\u300b,\u56f4\u7ed5\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5927\u6218\u7565\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u524d\u6cbf\u57fa\u7840\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898,\u4ee5\u6df1\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf,\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6211\u56fd\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u270e\u00a0\u76ee\u524d,\u5de5\u7a0b\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u533b\u836f\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u67d3\u6599\u3001\u6d82\u6599\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u5316\u5986\u54c1\u3001\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u6cbb\u7406\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u6216\u65b0\u5174\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e2d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u9884\u6d4b,\u52302020\u5e74,\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6240\u5e26\u52a8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea7\u503c\u53ef\u8fbe3\u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143;\u5168\u7403\u7eb3\u7c73\u76f8\u5173\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u8fbe600\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u6458\u7f16\u81ea\u5510\u4ed5\u5ddd\u3001\u5e38\u5175<\/strong>\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u804c\u4e1a\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168<\/strong>\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u56e0\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u5730\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u5bf9\u4eba\u4f53\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u98ce\u9669\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u300a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u804c\u4e1a\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168<\/strong>\u300b\u4ece\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u7279\u6027\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\uff1b\u4ee5\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u5e94\u7528\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf\uff0c\u7eb5\u89c8\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7eb3\u7c73\u4ea7\u4e1a\u73b0\u72b6\u53ca\u5065\u5eb7\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1b\u9010\u4e00\u9488\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u66b4\u9732\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u4ece\u4f53\u5916\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001\u4eba\u7fa4\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u56db\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u66b4\u9732\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c55\u5f00\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4ee5\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u5065\u5eb7\u98ce\u9669\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u662f\u56fd\u5185\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u9488\u5bf9\u65b0\u578b\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u5065\u5eb7\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u63a8\u51fa\u8054\u5408\u8350\u4e66\u4e13\u9898\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5411\u8bfb\u8005\u63a8\u8350\u7ecf\u5178\u6750\u6599\u4e13\u8457\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e66\u7c4d\u7cbe\u9009\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5256\u6790\u629b\u7816\u5f15\u7389\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u4f18\u8d28\u4e66\u7c4d\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfbtougao@cailiaoren.com\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u76f4\u63a5\u8d2d\u4e70\u6b64\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff08ID:sciencepress-cspm\uff09\u6388\u6743\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff0c\u7531\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7f51\u5927\u57ce\u5c0f\u7231\u7f16\u8f91\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6750\u6599\u9886\u57df\u79d1\u6280\u53ca\u884c\u4e1a\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u5404\u5927\u9ad8\u6821\u7855\u535a\u751f\u3001\u4e00\u7ebf\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6750\u6599\u9886\u57df\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u89e3\u8bfb\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u662f\u8bc4\u8ff0\u884c\u4e1a\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u70b9\u6211\u52a0\u5165\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eea\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u8bd5\u5242\u8017\u6750\u3001\u6750\u6599\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u627e\u6750\u6599\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u4e0a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8c37<\/a>\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5982\u4eca,\u7eb3\u7c73\u5236\u9020\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5df1\u7ecf\u5230\u6765,\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u66d9\u5149\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u73b0\u3002 \u968f\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u5165,\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u65ad\u62d3\u5c55,\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u6700\u53d7\u8ffd\u6367\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728Scien…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1369,"featured_media":88191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1187],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zhuanlan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88190"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1369"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=88190"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88198,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88190\/revisions\/88198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/88191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=88190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=88190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=88190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}