{"id":78246,"date":"2017-04-28T07:30:42","date_gmt":"2017-04-27T23:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=78246"},"modified":"2017-04-27T22:44:14","modified_gmt":"2017-04-27T14:44:14","slug":"%e5%a4%a7%e7%89%9bnature%e9%80%9f%e9%80%92-michael-gratzel%e5%b8%a6%e4%bd%a0%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2%e6%b2%89%e7%a7%af%e8%bf%87%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%ad%e5%85%89%e5%af%b9%e9%92%99%e9%92%9b%e7%9f%bf%e8%86%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=78246","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u725bNature\u901f\u9012: Michael Gr\u00e4tzel\u5e26\u4f60\u63a2\u7d22\u6c89\u79ef\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5149\u5bf9\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u819c\u6210\u6838\u53ca\u5f62\u8c8c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u4e2d\u91d1\u5c5e\u5364\u5316\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u91d1\u5c5e\u5364\u5316\u7269\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u8584\u819c\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u4f18\u5316\u5219\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8584\u819c\u5747\u5300\u6027\u4e0e\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u5149\u4f0f\u6027\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u5668\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5668\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u6b65\u6c89\u79ef\u3001\u8fde\u7eed\u6c89\u79ef\u548c\u53cd\u6eb6\u5242\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u53cd\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u5bf9\u819c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5982\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u673a\u7406\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u4e86\u89e3\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u5f62\u8c8c\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u6027\u80fd\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6210\u679c\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f42017\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u745e\u58eb\u6d1b\u6851\u8054\u90a6\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662<\/strong><\/span>\u7684Michael Gr\u00e4tzel<\/strong><\/span>\u6559\u6388(\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005)\u56e2\u961f\u4e8eNature<\/strong>\u4e0a\u5728\u7ebf\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u201cThe effect of illumination on the formation of metal halide perovskite films<\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u6709\u5173\u5149\u7167\u5bf9\u91d1\u5c5e\u5364\u5316\u7269(\u7898\u5316\u94c5)\u548c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269(\u7532\u57fa\u7898\u5316\u94f5)\u53cd\u5e94\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u6b65\u8fde\u7eed\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5148\u6c89\u79ef\u7ed3\u6676\u5f62\u6210\u7898\u5316\u94c5\u8584\u819c\u6837\u54c1\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7898\u5316\u94c5\u8584\u819c\u6837\u54c1\u6d78\u6ce1\u5728\u7532\u57fa\u7898\u5316\u94f5(MAI)\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5236\u6210\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5229\u7528\u5171\u7126\u6fc0\u5149\u626b\u63cf\u8367\u5149\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u548c\u626b\u63cf\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u5bf9\u91d1\u5c5e\u5364\u5316\u7269(\u7898\u5316\u94c5)\u4e0e\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269(\u7532\u57fa\u7898\u5316)\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5149\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u8fde\u7eed\u6c89\u79ef\u6cd5\u4e2d\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u819c\u7684\u5f62\u8c8c\u4f7f\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u4e00\u500d\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u6eb6\u5242\u6cd5\u4e00\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u819c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\u5f53\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u751f\u957f\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u8584\u819c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7535\u6c60\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5149\u4f0f\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6c89\u79ef\u65b9\u6cd5(\u8fde\u7eed\u6c89\u79ef\u6cd5\u548c\u53cd\u6eb6\u5242\u6cd5)\u4e2d\u7684\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u901f\u7387\u548c\u819c\u5f62\u8c8c\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5149\u6fc0\u53d1\u7ed3\u6676\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4ee5\u524d\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u7535\u6c60\u5149\u7535\u5b50\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u6027\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u8c03\u6574\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u6784\u9020\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fe\u6587\u5bfc\u8bfb\u3011<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>1.<\/strong>\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u548c<\/strong>1<\/strong>\u5355\u4f4d\u592a\u9633\u5149\u5149\u7167\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8fde\u7eed\u6c89\u79ef\u5f62\u6210<\/strong>CH3<\/sub>NH3<\/sub>PbI3<\/sub><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(a)<\/strong>\u672a\u53cd\u5e94PbI2<\/sub>\u8584\u819c\u7684CLSM\u56fe<\/p>\n

(b-e)<\/strong>\u65e0\u5149\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0cPbI2<\/sub>\u8584\u819c\u6837\u54c1\u5206\u522b\u6d78\u6ce1\u5728MAI\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d6 s\u30018 s\u300110 s\u548c60 s\u540e\u7684CLSM\u56fe<\/p>\n

(f-i)<\/strong>1\u5355\u4f4d\u592a\u9633\u5149\u5149\u7167\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0cPbI2<\/sub>\u8584\u819c\u6837\u54c1\u5206\u522b\u6d78\u6ce1\u5728MAI\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d2 s\u30014 s\u30016 s\u548c60 s\u540e\u7684CLSM\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9bCLSM\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531PbI2<\/sub>\u4ea7\u751f\u7684500 nm-550 nm\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\u5149\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7eff\u8272\uff0c\u7531\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u4ea7\u751f\u7684700 nm-800 nm\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\u5149\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7ea2\u8272\u3002\u63d2\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e3aSEM\u56fe\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c3a\u4e3a5 \u03bcm<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>2.<\/strong>\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5149\u7167\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u6210\u6838\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(a)<\/strong>\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\uff0c\u5206\u522bPbI2<\/sub>\u8584\u819c\u6837\u54c1\u4e8e\u65e0\u5149\u30010.001\u5355\u4f4d\u592a\u9633\u5149\u30010.01\u5355\u4f4d\u592a\u9633\u5149\u30010.1\u5355\u4f4d\u592a\u9633\u5149\u548c1\u5355\u4f4d\u592a\u9633\u5149\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6d78\u6ce1\u5728MAI\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d25 s\u540e\u7684SEM\u56fe\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a10 \u03bcm \u00d7 7 \u03bcm<\/p>\n

(b)<\/strong>\u4ecea<\/strong>\u6240\u793a\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684PbI2-\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u6df7\u6676\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/p>\n

(c)<\/strong>\u672a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684PbI2<\/sub>\u8584\u819c\u7684\u5438\u6536\u5149\u8c31\uff0cOD\u8868\u793a\u5149\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/p>\n

(d)<\/strong>2.0 eV\u5355\u8272\u5149\u5149\u7167\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0cPbI2<\/sub>\u6837\u54c1\u5728MAI\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6d78\u6ce125 s\u540e\u7684SEM\u56fe<\/p>\n

(e)<\/strong>2.5 eV\u5355\u8272\u5149\u5149\u7167\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0cPbI2<\/sub>\u6837\u54c1\u5728MAI\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6d78\u6ce125 s\u540e\u7684SEM\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>3.PbI2<\/sub><\/strong>\u8584\u819c\u6210\u6838\u673a\u7406\u56fe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(a)<\/strong>\u6240\u6c89\u79ef\u83b7\u5f97\u7684PbI2<\/sub>\u8584\u819c\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u533a\u57df\u548c\u7ed3\u6676\u56e2\u7c07\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u975e\u6676\u7ec4\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7c07\u9732\u51fa\u6676\u9762\u4e3a(001)<\/p>\n

(b)<\/strong>PbI2<\/sub>\u8584\u819c\u6d78\u6ce1\u5728MAI\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d<\/p>\n

(c)<\/strong>\u7531\u4e8e\u5149\u751f\u7a7a\u7a74\u5728PbI2<\/sub>\u754c\u9762\u5904\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\uff0cI–<\/sup>\u79bb\u5b50\u5728MAI\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e0ePbI2\u754c\u9762\u5904\u79ef\u805a\u3002PbI2<\/sub>\u4ece\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u533a\u57df\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6676\u4f53\u7c07<\/p>\n

(d)<\/strong>\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u968f\u6676\u7c07\u5c3a\u5bf8\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e86\u754c\u9762\u80fd\u548c\u4f53\u79ef\u9879\u5bf9\u6676\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/p>\n

(e-f)<\/strong>\u6240\u6c89\u79ef\u83b7\u5f97\u7684PbI2<\/sub>\u8584\u819c\u4e2d\u6676\u7c07\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6676\u6838\u5e76\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u4e2d\u751f\u957f\u7684\u6676\u7c07\u7684\u5206\u6570\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7070\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u5149\u7167\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u751f\u957f\u7684\u6676\u7c07\u7684\u5206\u6570\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6a59\u8272<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>4.<\/strong>\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u548c<\/strong>1<\/strong>\u5355\u4f4d\u592a\u9633\u5149\u5149\u7167\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5229\u7528\u53cd\u6eb6\u5242\u6cd5\u5236\u6210\u7684\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u8584\u819c\u7684<\/strong>SEM<\/strong>\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(a)<\/strong>\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u8584\u819c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4f4e\u7684\u7ed3\u6676\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/p>\n

(b)<\/strong>\u57281\u5355\u4f4d\u592a\u9633\u5149\u5149\u7167\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u8584\u819c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u9ad8\u7684\u7ed3\u6676\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/p>\n

\u63d2\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662fCLSM\u56fe\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u8868\u793a\u7531\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u4ea7\u751f\u7684700 nm\u81f3800 nm\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\u5149<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5c0f\u7ed3\u3011<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8fde\u7eed\u6c89\u79ef\u6cd5\u548c\u53cd\u6eb6\u5242\u6cd5\u5236\u5907\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u8584\u819c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u5149\u548c\u65e0\u5149\u6761\u4ef6\u5bf9\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u819c\u6210\u6838\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u91d1\u5c5e\u5364\u5316\u7269\u4e0e\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u5f62\u6210\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u7684\u673a\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/strong>The effect of illumination on the formation of metal halide perovskite films<\/a> (Nature, 2017, DOI: 10.1038\/nature22072)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u5b66\u672f\u7ec4 Jon \u4f9b\u7a3f\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u725b\u7f16\u8f91\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

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