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\u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u7684Mark C. Hersam\u548c\u963f\u8d21\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684Nathan P. Guisinger\uff08\u5171\u540c\u901a\u8baf\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba\u8be6\u7ec6\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5408\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u4e0e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u7b2cIII\u4e3b\u65cf\u787c\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u3001\u7b2cIV\u4e3b\u65cf\u7845\u3001\u9517\u548c\u9521\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2cV\u4e3b\u65cf\u78f7\u3001\u94cb\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5408\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u5176\u5e38\u6e29\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5bf9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u4e86\u5c55\u671b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u201cSynthesis and chemistry of elemental 2D materials\u201d<\/strong>\u4e3a\u9898\u53d1\u8868\u57282017\u5e741\u670825\u65e5\u7684Nature Reviews Chemistry<\/strong>\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u7efc\u8ff0\u603b\u89c8\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

1\u3001\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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2\u3001\u7b2cIII\u4e3b\u65cf<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1 \u787c<\/strong><\/p>\n

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2.1.1 \u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

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2.1.2 \u5408\u6210\u548c\u8868\u5f81<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u787c\u70ef\u548c\u787c\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u56fa\u76f8\u787c\u5e38\u6e29\u6613\u6c27\u5316\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u787c\u70ef\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u91c7\u7528CVD\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5236\u5907\u787c\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5236\u5907\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u787c\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u6c27\u6c14\u548c\u78b3\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u94dc\u7b94\u4e0a\u91c7\u7528\u56fa\u6001\u7684\u524d\u9a71\u4f53CVD\u6cd5\u5236\u5907\u4e86\u8d85\u8584\u7684\u787c\u76f8\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u03b3-B\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u7b26\u7684\u5e26\u9699\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6027\u80fd\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u90fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u8d85\u8584\u7684\u56fa\u76f8\u6750\u6599\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5f53\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u88ab\u90e8\u5206\u6c27\u5316\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5408\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u787c\u70ef\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u787c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5ef6\u5c55\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u53ef\u559c\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe2 \u787c\u70ef\u7684STM\u56fe\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u787c\u70ef\u7684\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6311\u6218\u662f\u787c\u6613\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u539f\u6599\u7eaf\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u53ef\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u540c\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8d85\u771f\u7a7a\u5206\u5b50\u675f\u5916\u5ef6\uff08UHV-MBE\uff09\u6280\u672f\u3001\u7eaf\u56fa\u76f8\u787c\u4e3a\u524d\u9a71\u4f53\u548c\uff08111\uff09\u9762\u7684\u94f6\u4e3a\u57fa\u4f53\u6765\u5408\u6210\u787c\u70ef\uff0cUHV\u73af\u5883\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6c27\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u5916\u6765\u78b3\u7684\u5438\u9644\uff0c\u94f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e73\u6574\u5e72\u51c0\u4e14\u5316\u5b66\u60f0\u6027\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4f9b\u787c\u751f\u957f\u3002Mannix\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u787c\u70ef\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5982\u56fe2a\u548cb\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6761\u7eb9\u76f8\u548c\u5747\u5300\u76f8\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3002\u56fe2c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6761\u7eb9\u76f8\u7531\u77e9\u5f62\u7684\u6676\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u56fe2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5747\u5300\u76f8\u7531\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u94fe\u72b6\u56fe\u5f62\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u90bb\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u5782\u76f4\u5e76\u5f2f\u66f2\u5728\u5e73\u9762\u5916\u3002Feng\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4e24\u76f8\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662fS1\u548cS2\u76f8\u3002Mannix\u8ba4\u4e3a\u77e9\u5f62\u76f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u6676\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u7578\u53d8\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002\u800cFeng\u8ba4\u4e3aS1\u548cS2\u76f8\u4e0e\u03b212<\/sub>\u548c\u03c73<\/sub>\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5982\u56fe2e\u6240\u793a\u3002\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u96a7\u9053\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7684\u7167\u7247\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u542b\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f2f\u66f2\u4e09\u89d2\u6676\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u7a74\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u9ad8\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u787c\u70ef\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u8005\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u60f3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u787c\u70ef\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5c31\u8981\u53bb\u9664\u57fa\u4f53\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u957f\u5728\u57fa\u4f53\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u5408\u6210\u7684\u787c\u70ef\u7684STM\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u787c\u70ef\u5177\u6709\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6709\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u8fa8\u5149\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u8c31\uff08ARPES\uff09\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u787c\u70ef\u7247\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u787c\u70ef\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6e29\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0e\u5728\u9ad8\u538b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u56fa\u76f8\u787c\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u5bfc\u6027\u8d28\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

2.1.3 \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u624d\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u9053\u787c\u70ef\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u787c\u70ef\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6613\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5f53\u5728\u787c\u70ef\u4e2d\u5f15\u51651-5nm\u539a\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7845\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5206\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728UHV\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u5f88\u6162\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u5206\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d28\u4f1a\u52a0\u5feb\u787c\u70ef\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fd8\u5728\u787c\u70ef\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4f4e\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u787c\u70ef\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u89e3\u4e4b\u8c1c\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u7b2cIV\u4e3b\u65cf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7b2cIV\u4e3b\u65cf\u6700\u8f7b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u7b2cIV\u4e3b\u65cf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7845\u3001\u9517\u3001\u9521\u3001\u94c5\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4e2dsp2<\/sup>\u6742\u5316\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709sp2<\/sup>-sp3<\/sup>\u6742\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u78b3\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u81ea\u65cb-\u8026\u5408\u7535\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u62d3\u6251\u975e\u5e73\u5eb8\u7535\u5b50\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

3.1 \u7845<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1.1 \u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7845\u5728\u5fae\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u7845\u70ef\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5355\u5c42\u7845\u4ee5\u975e\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u56fe3a\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u58f0\u5b50\u9884\u6d4b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c0f\u8fb9\u7f18\u5e73\u9762\u5916\u5f2f\u66f2\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u57281000K\u4e0b\u7a33\u5b9a\u4fdd\u6301\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u6784\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u542b\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u975e\u5e73\u9762\u952e\u7684\u6784\u578b\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u542b\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u7845\u70ef\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7845\u70ef\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u7845\u70ef\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4e2d\u7684\u72c4\u62c9\u514b-\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7845\u70ef\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u7845\u70ef\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u4f4e\uff0c\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u81ea\u65cb-\u8026\u5408\u7535\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u4e0e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u503c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u7845\u70ef\u5177\u5907\u62d3\u6251\u975e\u5e73\u5eb8\u7535\u5b50\u6001\uff0c\u81ea\u65cb\u6781\u5316\u8fb9\u7f18\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e26\u9699\u8c03\u8282\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4ee5\u7845\u70ef\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5668\u4ef6\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u5904\u7406\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u65cb\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u8c03\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u548c\u5149\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

3.1.2 \u5408\u6210\u548c\u8868\u5f81<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u62a5\u9053\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7845\u76f8\u662f\u5728\u94f6\uff08110\uff09\u9762\u4e0a\u751f\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e26\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7845\u70ef\u76f8\u543b\u5408\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u8702\u7a9d\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u7ef4\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u62c9\u66fc\u4e0e\u4e0d\u542b\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u7845\u70ef\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0e\u57fa\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6709\u5173\u3002SE2DM\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5408\u6210\u662f\u7531Vogt\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u94f6\uff08111\uff09\u9762\u4e0a\u751f\u957f\u7845\u70ef\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u591a\u76f8\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u56fe3b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7845\u548c\u94f6\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8d85\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u76f8\u4e5f\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7845\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u548c\u57fa\u4f53\u6e29\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Ir\uff08111\uff09\u3001MoS2<\/sub>\u548cZrB2<\/sub>\uff080001\uff09\u6676\u9762\u4e0a\u3001UHV\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u751f\u957f\u7845\u70ef\uff0c\u4e0e\u94f6\uff08111\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u4f53\u4e0a\u751f\u957f\u7684\u7845\u70ef\u4e0d\u542b\u6709\u591a\u5143\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe3 \u7845\u70ef\u548c\u9521\u70ef\u7684STM\u56fe\u4ee5\u53ca\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7845\u70ef\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u542b\u6709\u94f6\uff08111\uff09\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u539f\u4f4d\u626b\u63cf\u96a7\u9053\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u56fe\u50cf\u663e\u793a\u5355\u5c42\u7247\u7684\u7845\u70ef\u5177\u6709\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u8005\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u76844\u00d74\u5f2f\u66f2\u76f8\u662f\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6491\u72c4\u62c9\u514b-\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aSi-Ag\u7684\u6742\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u7845\u70ef\u7684\u751f\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u7269\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7269\u7406\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u6027\u80fd\u5374\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u76f8\uff0c\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u591a\u5c42\u7845\u70ef\u76f8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u72c4\u62c9\u514b-\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u76f8\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u5c42\u7845\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29\u7684\u57fa\u4f53\u4e0a\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u957f\u3002\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u7845\u548c\u94f6\u6df7\u5408\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u9000\u706b\u540e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u94f6\u6676\u683c\u4e2d\u7845\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5c06\u7845\u4e0e\u57fa\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u7845\u70ef\u819c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u7535\u5b50\u4f20\u8f93\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d1\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u7c7b\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u53cc\u6781\u5316\u7535\u8377\u4f20\u8f93\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u5206\u79bb\u540e\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u7247\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u5411\u4e0d\u542b\u57fa\u4f53\u7845\u70ef\u7684\u660e\u786e\u8868\u5f81\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u5e94\u8be5\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u76f8\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

3.1.3 \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7845\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5355\u5c42\u7845\u70ef\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u5236\u5907\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7845\u70ef\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7845\u70ef\u57fa\u96c6\u6210\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ee5\u7845\u70ef\u4e3a\u57fa\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u5668\u4ef6\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u5341\u51e0\u79d2\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7845\u7247\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6539\u6027\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5728UHV\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5bf9\u7845\u70ef\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5171\u4ef7\u6539\u6027\u3002\u800c\u8fd1\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5355\u5c42\u7247\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u542b\u6c22\u3001\u6c27\u3001\u6c2f\u7684\u4f4e\u6e29\u7845\u70ef\u76f8\u3002\u901a\u8fc7STM\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6539\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6539\u6027\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u3002\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u591a\u5c42\u7845\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u7684\u4e0d\u542b\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u7845\u70ef\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7279\u5f81\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u6027\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5316\u5b66\u6539\u6027\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7845\u70ef\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2 \u9517<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.2.1 \u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9517\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9517\u70ef\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9517\u70ef\u4e0e\u7845\u70ef\u6700\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u4e8e\u9517\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u81ea\u65cb-\u8026\u5408\u6548\u5e94\u8f83\u7845\u70ef\u5f3a\uff0c\u62d3\u6251\u7edd\u7f18\u7279\u5f81\u4e5f\u6bd4\u7845\u70ef\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5364\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2.2 \u5408\u6210\u548c\u8868\u5f81<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9517\u70ef\u4e5f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7UHV-MBE\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u5408\u6210\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Pt\uff08111\uff09\u3001Au\uff08111\uff09\u548cAl\uff08111\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u56fe3c\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u57fa\u4f53\u5982MoS2<\/sub>\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u5730\u751f\u957f\u9517\u70ef\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u57fa\u4f53\u4e0e\u9517\u70ef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\u80fd\u7ea7\u5dee\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u80fd\u7ea7\u5dee\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8868\u5f81\u5176\u672c\u5f81\u7535\u5b50\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0e\u7845\u70ef\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9517\u70ef\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u518d\u6b21\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u7528\u591a\u5143\u6b63\u4ea4\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u578bSE2DMs\u5408\u6210\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2.3 \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u9517\u70ef\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u6539\u6027\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u9517\u70ef\u884d\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u53ef\u8c03\u63a7\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884d\u751f\u7269\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u6db2\u76f8\u5265\u79bb\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u5c42\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u56fa\u76f8\u9517\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u9a71\u4f53\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u542b\u6c22\u3001\u542b\u7532\u57fa\u7684\u9517\u70ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7532\u57fa\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u539a\u5ea6\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u7ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u5149\u7535\u5b50\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5229\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

3.3 \u9521<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.3.1 \u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5355\u5c42\u9521\u70ef\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u6676\u578b\uff0c\u9517\u56e0\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u800c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u81ea\u65cb-\u8026\u5408\u7535\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u81ea\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u80fd\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5176\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u72c4\u62c9\u514b-\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u8fb9\u7f18\u5904\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u975e\u5e73\u5eb8\u6001\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7ea6\u7b49\u4e8e0.1eV\u7684\u80fd\u5e26\u9699\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u6781\u5316\u3001\u4f4e\u7535\u963b\u7387\u90fd\u5728\u81ea\u65cb\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u83b7\u53d6\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u9521\u70ef\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u03b1-Sn\uff08111\uff09\u7684\u4e8c\u5c42\u8584\u819c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u542b\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u03b1-Sn\uff08111\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u03b1-Sn\uff08111\uff09\u4e0e\u9521\u70ef\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1a\u5355\u5c42\u6750\u6599\u4e2dp\u8f68\u9053\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f68\u9053\u901a\u5e38\u5360\u636e\u4f4e\u80fd\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u62d3\u6251\u975e\u5e73\u5eb8\u8fb9\u7f18\u6001\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u663e\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u89e3SE2DMs\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

3.3.2 \u5408\u6210\u548c\u8868\u5f81<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zhu\u57282015\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u9521\u70ef\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728Bi2<\/sub>Te3<\/sub>\uff08111\uff09\u9762\u4e0a\u5728\u5e38\u6e29UHV\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u5355\u5c42\u9521\u70ef\uff0cSTM\u56fe\u50cf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5f2f\u66f2\u6676\u76f8\u4e2d\u8fd1\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6cdb\u51fd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u80fd\u5e26\u7ed3\u6784\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0eARPES\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u0413\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u62d3\u6251\u80fd\u5e26\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u51fa\u73b0\u7684K\u70b9\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8868\u9762\u5438\u9644\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6742\u8d28\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6c22\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u80fd\u5e26\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u672a\u6210\u952e\u7684Pz<\/sub>\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u8be5\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u8be5\u63a2\u7a76\u53bb\u9664\u8868\u9762\u5438\u9644\u7269\u4ee5\u53ca\u9521\u70ef\u4e0e\u57fa\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u53bb\u9664\u5438\u9644\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4e0d\u53c2\u52a0\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5bc6\u5c01\u5305\u88c5\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u4f53\u4e0e\u9521\u70ef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u8005\u957f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u57fa\u4f53\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4fee\u590d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u9521\u70ef\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u529f\u80fd\u5316\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

3.3.3 \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5408\u6210\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5176\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u6539\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728Pz<\/sub>\u8f68\u9053\u9971\u548c\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u81ea\u65cb-\u8026\u5408\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u80fd\u5e26\u7684\u78c1\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u5f3a\u62d3\u6251\u7edd\u7f18\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u9521\u70ef\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0cPz<\/sub>\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u6d3b\u6027\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u9521\u70ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u672a\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5e38\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u5bf9\u542b\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u9521\u70ef\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9521\u70ef\u4e0e\u57fa\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u9521\u70ef\u4e0e\u949d\u5316\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6539\u6027\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u5165\u78c1\u6027\u6e17\u67d3\u5242\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u65e0\u8017\u6563\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4f7f\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u529f\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u9521\u70ef\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u662f\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u62d3\u6251\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u52a0\u5de5\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u7a7a\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6539\u6027\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a0\u5de5\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7STM\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4e5f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u8017\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u7b2cV\u4e3b\u65cf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u6c2e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709V\u65cf\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u56fa\u76f8\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u5c42\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9ed1\u78f7\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u79cd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u5355\u7247\u5c42\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684V\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u5f2f\u66f2\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u6027\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u8868\u660e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9bSE2DMs\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5408\u91d1\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u63a7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u56fa\u76f8\u7ed3\u6784\u9884\u793a\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u539a\u5ea6\u7684SE2DMs,\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u78f7\u3001\u7837\u3001\u9511\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u5408\u6210SE2DMs\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u78f7\u548c\u94cb\u7684\u5408\u6210\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u9511\u70ef\u7684\u5408\u6210\u662f\u8fd1\u671f\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u53ea\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u78f7\u548c\u94cb\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

4.1 \u78f7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

4.1.1 \u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u78f7\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53\uff0c\u767d\u78f7\u3001\u7ea2\u78f7\u548c\u60f0\u6027\u7684\u9ed1\u78f7\u7b49\u3002\u78f7\u70ef\u662f\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7531\u56fa\u76f8\u5206\u88c2\u5408\u6210\u7684SE2DMs\u3002\u9ed1\u78f7\u662f\u7531\u5806\u53e0\u7684\u5f31\u952e\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5c42\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6b63\u4ea4\u6676\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u5728\u5e73\u9762\u5916\u5f62\u6210\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u6ce2\u7eb9\u9635\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u56fe4a\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u673a\u68b0\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u7535\u5bfc\u3001\u70ed\u5bfc\u4ee5\u53ca\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u78f7\u6750\u6599\u79f0\u4e3a\u9ed1\u78f7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u542b\u6709\u81f3\u5c115\u5c42\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9ed1\u78f7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u5355\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u84dd\u78f7\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

4.1.2 \u5408\u6210\u548c\u8868\u5f81<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5408\u6210\u78f7\u70ef\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u591a\u4e3a\u5265\u79bb\u56fa\u76f8\u9ed1\u78f7\uff0c\u56fa\u6001\u9ed1\u78f7\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6c14\u76f8\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u4e0e\u5316\u5b66\u6c14\u76f8\u6c89\u79ef\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u56fa\u4f53\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u78f7\u70ef\u3002\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7247\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u673a\u68b0\u5265\u79bb\u56fa\u76f8\u6216\u8005\u6db2\u76f8\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u5fae\u673a\u68b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u91cf\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ed1\u78f7\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\u6613\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9CVD\u751f\u957f\u78f7\u70ef\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c06\u78f7\u8584\u819c\u76f4\u63a5\u751f\u957f\u5728Si\/SiO2<\/sub>\u5706\u7247\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u805a\u5408\u7269\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u538b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7UHV-MBE\u6cd5\u5728Au\uff08111\uff09\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u84dd\u78f7\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u56fe4b,c\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e0e\u4e0d\u542b\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u84dd\u78f7\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6709\u4e864\u00d74\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u91cd\u5efa\u548c1.1eV\u7684\u5e26\u9699\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6027\u80fd\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u5374\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u751f\u957f\u78f7\u70ef\u76f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe4 \u9ed1\u78f7\u548c\u78f7\u70ef\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u548cSTM\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

4.1.3 \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u78f7\u70ef\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u78f7\u70ef\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u542b\u6c27\u7684\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u5149\u7167\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9ed1\u78f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u542b\u6c27\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u7ed9\u5408\u6210\u78f7\u70ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6280\u672f\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u9ed1\u78f7\u548c\u78f7\u70ef\u8fdb\u884c\u949d\u5316\u5904\u7406\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u805a\u5408\u7269\u6216\u8005\u516d\u8fb9\u5f62\u7684\u6c2e\u5316\u787c\u8fdb\u884c\u7269\u7406\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u7528\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5982\u56fe4d\u6240\u793a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u6750\u6599\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u78f7\u70ef\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u3002\u975e\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u5408\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u5316\u6539\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165n\u578b\u548cp\u578b\u63ba\u6742\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u5408\u7684\u6539\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u6c2e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6765\u5728\u9ed1\u78f7\u8868\u9762\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5c42\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u949d\u5316\u5c42\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662fp\u578b\u63ba\u6742\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u5e38\u6e29\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u56fe4e\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2 \u94cb<\/strong><\/p>\n

4.2.1 \u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u94cb\u662f\u7b2cV\u4e3b\u65cf\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6676\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5c42\u72b6\uff0c\u542b\u6709R3m\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7ec4\u7684\u83f1\u5f62\u6676\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u94cb\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u50cf\u7845\u70ef\u6216\u8005\u84dd\u78f7\u70ef\u90a3\u6837\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u56fe5a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53cc\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8702\u7a9d\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u5360\u636e\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u94cb\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u81ea\u65cb-\u8026\u5408\u7535\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u62d3\u6251\u975e\u5e73\u5eb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ec4\u5206\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e8c\u7ef4\u94cb\u6750\u6599\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u62d3\u6251\u7edd\u7f18\u4f53\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u94cb\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7279\u5f81\u4f9d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\u57fa\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94cb\u5c42\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u62d3\u6251\u7edd\u7f18\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5c06\u8702\u7a9d\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u57fa\u4f53\u5206\u79bb\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u7535\u8377\u4f20\u9012\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2.2 \u5408\u6210\u548c\u8868\u5f81<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06SE2DMs\u4e0e\u57fa\u4f53\u6750\u6599\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u94cb\u6750\u6599\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91c7\u7528MBE\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u57fa\u4f53\u4e0a\u751f\u957f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u94cb\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u76f8\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u56fa\u76f8\u94cb\uff08111\uff09\u9762\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u56fe5a\uff0cb\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u94cb\uff08110\uff09\u9762\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u9ed1\u78f7\u7247\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u56fe5c\uff0cd\u3002\u4e8c\u7ef4\u94cb\u5c42\u5185\u5f31\u952e\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4f7f\u5176\u8868\u9762\u5bb9\u6613\u751f\u957f\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5f2f\u66f2\u8702\u7a9d\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\uff08111\uff09\u53d6\u5411\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9009\u7528\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u8d28\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u4f53\u4e0e\u4e8c\u7ef4\u94cb\u4e4b\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8868\u9762\u76f8\u6216\u8005\u8303\u5fb7\u534e\u754c\u9762\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u94cb\u5c42\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7535\u5b50\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u7535\u5b50\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6cdb\u51fd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u7535\u5b50\u4f20\u8f93\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7acb\u4e8c\u7ef4\u94cb\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u6027\u8d28\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u819c\u5728Si\uff08111\uff09\u6676\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u7c98\u9644\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u8d77\u5230\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9ed1\u78f7\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Si\u9762\u6216\u8005\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u70ed\u89e3\u77f3\u58a8\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u7ec4\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\uff08110\uff09\u6676\u9762\u662f\u4e0e\u751f\u957f\u9762\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u8d5d\u7acb\u65b9\u8868\u9762\u5bf9\u79f0\u8868\u5f81\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u751f\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53\u7684\u539a\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe5 \u94cb\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53caSTM\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

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4.2.3 \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/strong>Synthesis and chemistry of elemental 2D materials<\/a>\uff08Nat. Rev. Chem., 2017, DOI:10.1038\/s41570-016-0014\uff09<\/p>\n

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