{"id":48269,"date":"2016-10-27T06:30:15","date_gmt":"2016-10-26T22:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=48269"},"modified":"2017-03-18T22:00:30","modified_gmt":"2017-03-18T14:00:30","slug":"chem-soc-rev-%e5%a4%8f%e6%b0%b8%e5%a7%9a%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e8%b6%85%e7%ba%a7%e7%94%b5%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%ba%e7%90%86%e3%80%81-%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99%e3%80%81%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=48269","title":{"rendered":"Chem. Soc. Rev. \u590f\u6c38\u59da\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u673a\u7406\u3001 \u6750\u6599\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8868\u5f81\u53ca\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u56e0\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u957f\u5faa\u73af\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7b49\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5728\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u8f93\u9001\u6216\u5feb\u901f\u5b58\u50a8\u80fd\u91cf\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u6216\u8865\u5145\u7684\u53ef\u5145\u7535\u7535\u6c60\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u590f\u6c38\u59da\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4\u5728Chem. Soc. Rev\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u201cElectrochemical capacitors: mechanism, materials,systems, characterization and applications\uff08\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u673a\u7406\u3001\u6750\u6599\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8868\u5f81\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\uff09\u201d\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5927\u725b\u590f\u6c38\u59da\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6700\u65b0\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u50a8\u80fd\u673a\u7406\u3001\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u3001\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u6750\u6599\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5168\u9762\u800c\u7cbe\u7b80\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u7efc\u8ff0\u5bfc\u89c8\u56fe<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7535\u6c60\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6bd4\u7535\u5bb9\uff08F\uff09\u548c\u5168\u7535\u6c60\u7535\u538b\uff08V\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u591a\u5b54\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u6539\u5584\u6bd4\u7535\u5bb9\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u6df7\u5408\u578b\/\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u589e\u52a0\u7535\u538b\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u53c8\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6709\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u957f\u5faa\u73af\u5bff\u547d\u7279\u6027\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u81f4\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406\u3001\u8868\u5f81\u624b\u6bb5\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8d85\u7535\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u524d\u666f\u548c\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u56fe1<\/strong>\u00a0 \u7efc\u8ff0\u6982\u89c8\u56fe<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u50a8\u5b58\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7535\u6781\u8868\u9762\u9759\u7535\u7d2f\u79ef\u4f5c\u7528\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u53cc\u7535\u5c42\u7535\u5bb9\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u53ef\u9006\u8868\u9762\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u53ef\u5145\u7535\u7535\u6c60\u673a\u7406\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u9633\u79bb\u5b50(H+<\/sup>\u6216Li+<\/sup>)\u5728\u6750\u6599\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u8131\u5d4c\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u63d2\u5c42\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u9633\u79bb\u5b50(\u5982 Li+<\/sup>, Na+<\/sup>, K+<\/sup>, H+<\/sup>)\u5d4c\u5165\/\u8131\u5d4c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6709\u6548\u533a\u5206\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>2<\/strong> \u4e0d\u540c\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff1a (a) \u53ef\u5145\u7535\u7535\u6c60\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406\uff1b(b) \u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406\uff1b(c) \u63d2\u5c42\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u6613\u5f97\uff0c\u65e0\u6bd2\uff0c\u9ad8\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\uff0c\u9ad8\u5316\u5b66\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5bbd\u5de5\u4f5c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u7528\u4e8e\u8d85\u7535\u7684\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u8868\u9762\u6539\u6027\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5982\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u6d3b\u6027\u70ad\u6750\u6599(AC)-\u6709\u5e8f\u4ecb\u5b54\u78b3(OMC)- \u78b3\u5316\u7269\u884d\u751f\u78b3(CDCs)-\u6709\u5e8f\u5c42\u6b21\u4ecb\u5b54\/\u5fae\u5b54\u78b3(OHMMC)\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u4ecb\u5b54\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u675f(MCNAs)\u53ca\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u5f15\u5165\u78b3\u9aa8\u67b6\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8282\u5b54\u5f84\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5f62\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u589e\u5927\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6bd4\u7535\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n Gogotsi\u7b49\u4eba\u62a5\u9053\u5f53\u5b54\u5f84\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u4e8e1 nm\u78b3\u5316\u7269\u884d\u751f\u78b3\uff08CDC\uff09\u7684\u7535\u5bb9\u5f02\u5e38\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u7535\u8377\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u5b54\u9699\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u76f4\u5f84(<1 nm)\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u8f83\u9ad8\u6bd4\u7535\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>3<\/strong> (A) \u901a\u8fc7BET\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u5b54\u5f84\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u7684CDCs\u6bd4\u7535\u5bb9\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u6eb6\u5242\u5316\u79bb\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u5b54\u58c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b54\u4e2d\uff1b(B) \u5927\u4e8e2 nm\uff1b (C) \u57281-2 nm\u95f4\uff1b (D) \u5c0f\u4e8e1nm<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>4 <\/strong>(a) \u6709\u5e8f\u5c42\u6b21\u4ecb\u5b54\/\u5fae\u5b54\u78b3(OHMMC)\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff1b (b) OHMMC\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u901f\u7387\u7684CV\u66f2\u7ebf<\/p>\n \u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5218\u7b49\u4eba\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u87f9\u58f3\u4e3a\u786c\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u915a\u919b\u6811\u8102\u4e3a\u78b3\u6e90\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u4ecb\u5b54\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u9635\u5217(MCNAs)\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>5 <\/strong>(a) \u87f9\u58f3SEM\u622a\u9762\u56fe\uff1b(b)\u548c (c) \u5206\u522b\u4e3aSEM\u548cTEM\u56fe\uff1b(d)\u6765\u81ea\u87f9\u58f3\u7684MCNAs\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u626b\u901f\u4e0b\u7684CV\u66f2\u7ebf<\/p>\n \u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u8c03\u8282\u5b54\u5f84\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5916\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u5b98\u80fd\u5316\u5373\u5f15\u5165\u6742\u539f\u5b50(\u5982N\u3001O\u3001S\u3001B\u7b49)\u4e5f\u662f\u6539\u5584\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u5421\u5576\u578b\u6c2e\u3001\u5421\u54af\u578b\u6c2e\u53ca\u5b63\u578b\u6c2e\u3002\u5421\u5576\u578b\u6c2e\u548c\u5421\u54af\u578b\u6c2e\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53ef\u5f15\u5165\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u5b63\u578b\u6c2e\u643a\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56feCV\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0a0.2 V\u4e0b\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5421\u5576\u578b\u6c2e\u4e0e\u5421\u54af\u578b\u6c2e\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c 0.2V\u548c0.4 V\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u5cf0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6c27\u918c\u578b\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>6\u00a0<\/strong>\u4ecb\u5b54\u70ad\u4e0a\u542b\u6c2e\u548c\u542b\u6c27\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u53ca\u5176\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u539f\u7406\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u53ca\u5bf9\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7535\u5bb9\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u5728\u7535\u6781\/\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5438\u8131\u9644\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56de\u987e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u5373\uff081\uff09\u948c\u57fa\u6750\u6599\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u9530\u57fa\u6750\u6599\uff0c\uff083\uff09\u954d\u6216\u94b4\u57fa\u6750\u6599\u3002\u948c\u57fa\u6750\u6599RuO2<\/sub>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6f5c\u529b\u6750\u6599\u5728\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u89c4\u683c\u4e0b\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002MnO2<\/sub>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5ec9\u4ef7\u548c\u9ad8\u7406\u8bba\u5bb9\u91cf\u8303\u56f4(1100 -1300 F g-1<\/sup>)\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u6750\u6599\u3002\u4f46MnO2<\/sub>\u7684\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u5176\u8868\u9762\u4ef7\u6001(III\u5230 IV)\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e14\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\u4ec5MnO2<\/sub>\u8868\u9762\u8584\u8584\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\u5177\u6709\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6d3b\u6027\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u6bd4\u7535\u5bb9\u6bd4RuO2<\/sub>\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u7535\u5bb9\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u8c8c\u7684MnO2<\/sub>\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u7528\u4e8e\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ebf\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\uff0c\u82b1\u72b6\u5fae\u7c73\u7403\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n \u6b64\u5916\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0cMnO2<\/sub>\u867d\u7136\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7535\u6c60\u578b\u7535\u6781\uff0c\u5982\u4ee5\u78b1\u6027\u4e3a\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u7684Zn\u2013MnO2<\/sub>\u7535\u6c60\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u5728\u78b1\u6027\u6216\u975e\u6c34\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u7a97\u53e3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cMnO2<\/sub>\u5728\u4e2d\u6027\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u3002MnO2<\/sub>\u5728\u4e2d\u6027\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u5236\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe7\u00a0<\/strong>\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u662fMnO2<\/sub>\u7535\u6781\u7535\u6c60\u5728\u6e29\u548c\u6c34\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff080.1 M K2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\uff09\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u7406\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7ea2\u8272(\u4e0a)\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u4eceMn(III)\u5230Mn(IV)\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u84dd\u8272(\u4e0b\u90e8)\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6307\u4eceMn\uff08IV\uff09\u5230Mn\uff08III\uff09\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n \u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u9700\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u63d2\u5c42\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3a\u533a\u5206\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u56e0\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u53cc\u7535\u5c42\u7535\u5bb9\u4f46\u5176\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\u53c8\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u53cc\u7535\u5c42\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u4ece\u53cc\u7535\u5c42\u7535\u5bb9\u5230\u7535\u6c60\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6865\u6881\u3002\u63d2\u5c42\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0e\u5178\u578b\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66(\u5373\u7ebf\u6027\u4f0f\u5b89\u54cd\u5e94)\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\u53c8\u4e0e\u7535\u6c60\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7535\u6c60\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u4ece\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u5230\u7535\u6c60\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6865\u6881\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>8\u00a0<\/strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u80fd\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u63d2\u5c42\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7684(e.g. Li+<\/sup>, Na+<\/sup>, K+<\/sup>, H+<\/sup>)\u5d4c\u5165\/\u8131\u5d4c\u884c\u4e3a\u884c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u6bd4\u6b63\u5e38\u7684Li\u63d2\u5c42\u6750\u6599\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5c42\u95f4\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n Dunn\u7b49\u4eba\u6700\u8fd1\u62a5\u9053\u659c\u65b9\u6676\u7cfbNb2<\/sub>O5<\/sub> (T-Nb2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>)\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u63d2\u5c42\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>9<\/strong> T-Nb2<\/sub>O5 <\/sub>\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a(a) \u4ece100 to 500 mV s-1<\/sup> \u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u66f2\u7ebf\uff1b(b) \u9633\u6781\u5cf0\u503c\u548c\u9634\u6781\u7535\u6d41(i.e. ip<\/sub> vs. v)\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7684b\u503c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u57281- 50 mV s-1<\/sup>\u5185\u53d8\u5316<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>10<\/strong> \u6709\u5e8f\u4ecb\u5b54a-MoO3<\/sub>\u6750\u6599\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a(a) \u4ecb\u5b54MoO3<\/sub>\u8584\u819c0.1 mV s-1<\/sup>\u626b\u901f\u4e0b\u7684\u4f0f\u5b89\u54cd\u5e94\u56fe\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9634\u5f71\u533a\u57df\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5728\u603b\u7535\u6d41\u4e0b\u7535\u5bb9\u8d21\u732e\u7387(~70%)\uff1b(b) \u4ecb\u5b54a-MoO3<\/sub>\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7535\u52bf\uff08\u9634\u6781\u626b\u63cf\uff09\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u56fe<\/p>\n \u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u6768\u7b49\u4eba\u6700\u8fd1\u62a5\u9053\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62Ni(OH)2<\/sub>\u7eb3\u7c73\u7403\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8868\u660eH+<\/sup>\u5d4c\u5165\/\u8131\u51fa\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u5176b(\u636ei = avb<\/sup>\u8ba1\u7b97)\u503c\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e0.5\u3002\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u6c60\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u8d21\u732e\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>11<\/strong> \u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u954d\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a(a) 1 M KOH\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u626b\u901f\u4e0b\u7684CV\u66f2\u7ebf\uff1b(b) \u9633\u6781\u5cf0\u503c\u548c\u9634\u6781\u7535\u6d41(ip<\/sub> vs. v0.5<\/sup>)\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7684b\u503c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u57280.5- 20 mV s-1<\/sup>\u5185\u53d8\u5316<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u5bfc\u7535\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5982\u805a\u4e59\u7094\uff08PA\uff09\u3001\u805a\u5421\u54af\uff08PPy\uff09\uff0c\u805a\u82ef\u80fa\uff08PANI\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u805a\uff083,4\u2014\u4e59\u6491\u4e8c\u6c27\u567b\u5429\uff09\uff08PEDOT\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u5f88\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5bfc\u7535\u805a\u5408\u7269\u662f\u5728\u805a\u5408\u7269\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u8f6d\u952e\u4f53\u73b0\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u8fd8\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u3002\u56e0\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u9006\u3002\u5728\u5bfc\u7535\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e2d\uff0cPANI\u548cPPy\u7531\u4e8e\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3001\u73af\u5883\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u5408\u6210\u7b80\u4fbf\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u5305\u62ec\u6eb6\u5242\u548c\u76d0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u7535\u6c60\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u6781\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u548c\u7535\u8377\u8865\u507f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u6210\u4e3a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6210\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6709\u673a\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f83\u5bbd\u7535\u538b\u7a97\u53e3(~3.5V)\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u3001\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u4f4e\u3001\u6613\u6325\u53d1\u3001\u6709\u6bd2\u7b49\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1b\u6c34\u6027\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\uff0c\u8f83\u4f4e\u963b\u6297\u4f46\u7535\u538b\u7a97\u53e3\u4f4e(~1.2 V)\uff1b\u79bb\u5b50\u6db2\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u4f4e\u53ef\u71c3\u6027\u3001\u826f\u597d\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u548c\u5bbd\u7535\u538b\u7a97\u53e3(~4.5 V)\u4f46\u4ef7\u683c\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u8d35\uff1b\u805a\u5408\u7269\u56fa\u4f53\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u9ad8\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n \u88681 <\/strong>\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u4e8e\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7535\u89e3\u8d28 <\/p>\n \u6839\u636e\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7ec4\u6210\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5c06\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u79f0\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u3001\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u53ca\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u5bf9\u79f0\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7535\u5bb9\u5f0f\u7535\u6781\u7ec4\u88c5\u800c\u6210\u3002\u5728\u6c34\u6027\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e2d\u53d7\u6c34\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u7535\u538b\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7535\u538b\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u57281.23 V\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5546\u4e1a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0AC\u7535\u6781\uff0c\u7535\u538b\u7a97\u53e3\u53ef\u8fbe2.7 V\u3002\u63d0\u5347\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b\u8303\u56f4\uff08E=1\/2 CV2<\/sup>, V\u4e3a\u7535\u538b\u7a97\u53e3\uff09\uff0cBeguin\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u57282 M Li2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u6c34\u6027\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e2dAC\/\/AC\u5bf9\u79f0\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b\u53ef\u8fbe1.9 V\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0d\u540c\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u5f0f\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u6781\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u7535\u5c42\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u6781\u91c7\u7528\u5177\u6709\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5982\u5e38\u89c1\u7684AC\/\/MnO2<\/sub>\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5df2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u6e90\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eV2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\/\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u7ea4\u7ef4\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u7ea4\u7ef4\uff0c\u5c42\u6b21NiMoO4<\/sub>\u548cAC\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u6ce1\u6cab\uff08GF\uff09\/\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\uff0c(CNT)\/MnO2<\/sub>\u548cGF\/CNT\/PPy\u7b49\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u6700\u8fd1\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u6df7\u5408\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u578b\u7535\u6781\u548c\u7535\u6c60\u578b\u7535\u6781\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u91c7\u7528\u6c34\u6027\u6216\u975e\u6c34\u6027\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982AC\/\/PbO2<\/sub>\uff0cAC\/\/Ni(OH)2<\/sub>\uff0cAC\/\/Li4<\/sub>Ti5<\/sub>O12<\/sub>\uff0cAC\/\/graphite\uff0cAC\/\/LiMn2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u7b49\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6df7\u5408\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8868\u9762\u53cd\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u7535\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u3001\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8868\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5305\u542b\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\uff09\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u5b54\u5f84\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u901a\u8fc7Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller (BET)\u65b9\u6cd5\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u975e\u5c40\u57df\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6cdb\u51fd\u7406\u8bba(NLDFT)\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u5fae\u5b54\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cRuoff\u7b49\u91c7\u7528NLDFT\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5728N2<\/sub>\u3001Ar\u548cCO2<\/sub>\u4e0b\u7684\u5438\u8131\u9644\u7b49\u6e29\u7ebf\u53ca\u5176\u5b54\u5f84\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>12<\/strong> a-MEGO\u6837\u672c(SSA ~ 3100 m2<\/sup> g-1<\/sup>)\u5438\u8131\u9644\u66f2\u7ebf\uff1a(A) \u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u3001\u4f4e\u538bN2<\/sub> (77.4 K) \u548cAr (87.3 K)\u7684\u7b49\u6e29\u7ebf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d2\u56fe\u662fCO2<\/sub>\uff08273.2 K\uff09\u7b49\u6e29\u7ebf\uff1b(B) N2<\/sub>\uff08\u7528\u7f1d\u9699\/\u5706\u67f1NLDFT\u6a21\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09\u548cCO2<\/sub>\uff08\u7528\u72ed\u7f1d\u5b54NLDFT\u6a21\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u5b54\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u5b54\u5f84\u5206\u5e03<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u4e8e\u6d3b\u6027\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u8c31(XPS)\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u8868\u9762\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4ef7\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n \u800c\u539f\u4f4d\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u5149\u8c31(NMR)\u53ef\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u53ef\u7814\u7a76\u5145\u653e\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>13\u00a0<\/strong>\u6765\u81ea\u56db\u4e2a\u5168\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u5468\u671f\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u539f\u4f4dNMR\u8c31\u4e0e\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u7535\u5bb9(F g-1<\/sup>)\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\/\u529f\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6(W h kg-1<\/sup>\u548cWkg-1<\/sup>)\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u51e0\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6d4b\u8bd5\u624b\u6bb5\u5982\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u6cd5\u3001\u6052\u7535\u6d41\u5145\u653e\u7535\u548c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u963b\u6297\u8c31\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n CV\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30EDLC\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7535\u5bb9\uff0c\u5176\u66f2\u7ebf\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u77e9\u5f62\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7535\u6c60\u578b\u7535\u6781\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u63d2\u5c42\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u5cf0\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7535\u5bb9\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7CV\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n \u6052\u6d41\u5145\u653e\u7535(GCD)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u7535\u5bb9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53cc\u7535\u5c42\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64EDLC\u7684\u7535\u5bb9\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6f5c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u548c\u63d2\u5c42\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7535\u5bb9\u5219\u968f\u7535\u538b\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n \u7535\u5316\u5b66\u963b\u6297\u8c31(EIS)\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a5 mV\u621610 mV\u5c0f\u7684\u7535\u538b\u632f\u5e45\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a0.01 Hz ~ 100 kHz\u5f88\u5bbd\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u6d4b\u91cf\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u963b\u6297\u3002EIS\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7ec4\u6210\u7684Nyquist\u56fe\uff0c\u9ad8\u9891\u533a\u7684\u534a\u5706(>104<\/sup> Hz)\u8868\u793a\u754c\u9762\u963b\u6297\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u9891\u533a(104<\/sup>~1 Hz)\u8868\u793a\u8d5d\u7535\u8377\u548c\u7535\u8377\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u963b\u6297\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u9891\u533a(<1 Hz)\u6cbf\u865a\u8f74\u7684\u8fd1\u5782\u76f4\u7ebf\u6307\u793a\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n Ragone\u56fe\uff08\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6vs.\u529f\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff09\u5df2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0cRagone\u66f2\u7ebf\u53ea\u80fd\u5927\u81f4\u8868\u5f81\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7535\u6781\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7535\u6781\u6d3b\u6027\u6750\u6599\u4e0a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5bf9\u80fd\u91cf\/\u529f\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8d28\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7535\u6781\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u7535\u6d41\u8f83\u4f4e\u603b\u80fd\u6d4b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8d28\u91cf\u4f4e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6839\u636e\u6d3b\u6027\u6750\u6599\u8d28\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\/\u529f\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>14<\/strong> (a) EDLC\u548c (b) \u6df7\u5408\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u7535\u52a8\u6c7d\u8f66\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u5145\u7535\u7684\u7535\u52a8\u516c\u4ea4\u8f66\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51e0\u79d2\u949f\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u5145\u7535\u3002\u5965\u5a01\u79d1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u7528Ni(OH)2<\/sub>\/\/AC\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u65e0\u8f68\u7535\u8f66\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>15<\/strong>\u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8eNi(OH)2<\/sub>\/\/AC\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5965\u5a01\u79d1\u6280\u65e0\u8f68\u7535\u8f66<\/p>\n \u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u53cc\u7535\u5c42\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u5df2\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u8f66\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u8f66\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>16<\/strong> \u57fa\u4e8eAC\/\/AC\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5357\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u7535\u8f66<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e0e\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u591a\u5b54\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u4ecd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6539\u5584\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5b54\u5f84\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u63d0\u9ad8\u7535\u5b50\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u5176\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5bf8\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u7535\u6c60\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u4e5f\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7535\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u7535\u5bb9\u548c\u7a97\u53e3\u7535\u538b\u3002\u4f46\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u53ef\u5145\u7535\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u8d85\u957f\u5faa\u73af\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7a97\u53e3\u7535\u538b\u5927\u4e8e4V\u548c\u8f83\u5bbd\u6e29\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u9ad8\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\u6df7\u5408\u52a8\u529b\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u7535\u963b\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u7535\u6781\u5219\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u5145\u7535E -\u5df4\u58eb\u548c\u7535\u52a8\u6709\u8f68\u7535\u8f66\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n2 \u00a0<\/strong>\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u7406<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
<\/p>\n
3 \u00a0\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u6750\u6599<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n
3.1 <\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u7535\u5c42\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u78b3\u6750\u6599<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
3.2\u00a0<\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
3.3\u00a0<\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u63d2\u5c42\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
3.4\u00a0<\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u8d5d\u7535\u5bb9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u805a\u5408\u7269<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
3.5 <\/strong>\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7535\u89e3\u6db2<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
4 \u00a0<\/strong>\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
4.1 <\/strong>\u5bf9\u79f0\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
4.2 <\/strong>\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
4.3 <\/strong>\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
5 \u00a0<\/strong>\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
5.1 <\/strong>\u6750\u6599\u7279\u6027\u8868\u5f81<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
5.2 <\/strong>\u6750\u6599\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
6 \u00a0<\/strong>\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
7 \u00a0<\/strong>\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n