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Brar<\/strong>\u6559\u6388\u56e2\u961f<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u626b\u63cf\u96a7\u9053\u7535\u4f4d\u6d4b\u5b9a\u6cd5\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e86\u5728\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7531\u5e73\u6ed1\u548c\u53ef\u8c03\u7684\u9762\u5185p-n\u7ed3\u52bf\u5792\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u901a\u9053\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6837\u54c1\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u901a\u9053\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u6d41\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u5f39\u9053\u5230\u7c98\u6027\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u901a\u9053\u7684\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5f39\u9053\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6291\u5236\u4e86\u7535\u8377\u5728\u52bf\u5792\u4e0a\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7c98\u6027\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u6709\u9650\u5143\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8d39\u7c73\u6db2\u6d41\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u8f7d\u6d41\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u901a\u9053\u5bbd\u5ea6\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4ee5\u9898\u4e3a\u201cImaging the breaking of electrostatic dams in graphene for ballistic and viscous fluids<\/strong>\u201d\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u77e5\u540d\u671f\u520aScience<\/em><\/strong>\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e09\u3001\u3010<\/strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u521b\u65b0\u70b9<\/strong>\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n \u901a\u8fc7STP\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c40\u90e8\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7535\u52bf\u7684\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6548\u5e94\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u89c2\u5bdf\u7535\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7247\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7c98\u6027\u7535\u6d41\u6d41\u7684\u6709\u9650\u5143\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8d39\u7c73\u6db2\u6d41\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u8f7d\u6d41\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u901a\u9053\u5bbd\u5ea6\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n \u56db\u3001\u3010<\/strong>\u6570\u636e\u6982\u89c8<\/strong>\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>1<\/strong> \u7535\u8377\u6d41\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/strong> \u00a9 2023 AAAS<\/strong><\/p>\n \uff08a\uff09STP\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88c5\u7f6e\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08b\uff09\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u9759\u7535\u575d\u7684\u5f62\u8c8c\u548cLDOS\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08c\uff09\u63cf\u8ff0\u9759\u7535\u548c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7535\u52bf\u6cbf\u52bf\u9631\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08d\uff09\u51e0\u79cd\u901a\u9053\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u9759\u7535\u575d\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>2<\/strong> \u4f4e\u6e29\u548c\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\u9759\u7535\u575d\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7535\u52bf<\/strong> \u00a9 2023 AAAS<\/strong><\/p>\n \uff08a-d\uff09T <\/em>= 4.5 K\u3001V<\/em>sd<\/sub> = 0.4 V\u548c\u56db\u4e2a\u9009\u5b9a\u6805\u6781\u7535\u538b\uff08-10\u3001-12\u3001-16\u548c-18 V\uff09\u4e0b\u9759\u7535\u575d\u7684STP\u56fe\uff0c\u6309\u589e\u52a0\u901a\u9053\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08e-h\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9759\u7535\u575d\u5728T <\/em>= 77 K\u3001V<\/em>sd<\/sub> = -0.4 V\u548c\u56db\u4e2a\u6805\u6781\u7535\u538b\uff08-2\u3001-4\u3001-6\u548c-10 V\uff09\u4e0b\u7684STP\u56fe\uff0c\u6309\u589e\u52a0\u901a\u9053\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>3<\/strong> \u52bf\u5792\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7535\u4f4d\u964d<\/strong> \u00a9 2023 AAAS<\/strong><\/p>\n \uff08a\uff09\u6cbf\u7740\u56fe2a\u4e2d\u7684\u767d\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86T=4.5K\u65f6\u7684Landauer\u6b8b\u4f59\u7535\u963b\u7387\u5076\u6781\u5b50\uff08LRRD\uff09\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08b\uff09\uff08a\uff09\u4e2d\u76f8\u5e94\u533a\u57df\u7684\u653e\u5927\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08c\uff09\u5f53\u7535\u6d41\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u6d41\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5706\u5f62\u969c\u788d\u7269\u5468\u56f4LRRD\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u9759\u7535\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08d\uff09\uff08c\uff09\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540ce-e\u6563\u5c04\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u9759\u7535\u52bf\u7684\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\uff08b\uff09\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08e\uff09T=4.5 K\u65f6\uff0c\u6cbf\u56fe2a\u4e2d\u84dd\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08f\uff09T=77 K\u65f6\uff0c\u6cbf\u56fe2e\u4e2d\u84dd\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>4<\/strong> \u901a\u9053\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u7684<\/strong>e-e<\/strong>\u6563\u5c04\u957f\u5ea6<\/strong> \u00a9 2023 AAAS<\/strong><\/p>\n \uff08a\uff09\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29\uff08\u84dd\u8272\uff0c4.5K\uff09\u548c\u9ad8\u6e29\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c77K\uff09\u4e0b\u4eceSTP\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u901a\u9053\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08b\uff09\u4ece\u7ea2\u8272\uff0877K\uff09\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u548c\uff08a\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u62df\u5408\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684e-e\u6563\u5c04\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>5<\/strong> \u6709\u9650\u5143\u6a21\u578b<\/strong> \u00a9 2023 AAAS<\/strong><\/p>\n \uff08a-b\uff09\u7bad\u5934\u663e\u793a\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u6d41\u7ebf\uff0c\u5f69\u8272\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08c-d\uff09\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\uff08a\uff09\u548c\uff08b\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u7c98\u6027\u548c\u6b27\u59c6\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u9759\u7535\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e94\u3001\u3010\u6210\u679c\u542f\u793a\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n 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