{"id":243133,"date":"2022-10-11T06:07:52","date_gmt":"2022-10-10T22:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=243133"},"modified":"2022-10-10T17:08:11","modified_gmt":"2022-10-10T09:08:11","slug":"science%ef%bc%9a%e8%81%9a%e7%83%af%e7%83%83%e5%90%91%e5%8d%95%e4%bd%93%e7%9a%84%e8%bd%ac%e5%8c%96-%e8%b5%8b%e4%ba%88%e8%81%9a%e7%83%af%e7%83%83%e6%96%b0%e4%bb%b7%e5%80%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=243133","title":{"rendered":"Science\uff1a\u805a\u70ef\u70c3\u5411\u5355\u4f53\u7684\u8f6c\u5316-\u8d4b\u4e88\u805a\u70ef\u70c3\u65b0\u4ef7\u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u805a\u70ef\u70c3\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7\u91cf\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5851\u6599\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u5546\u4e1a\u5851\u6599\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u60f0\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u96be\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5851\u6599\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u56de\u6536\u3002\u4ece\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u54c1\u70ef\u70c3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u70c3\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9700\u8981\u5207\u5272\u805a\u5408\u7269\u94fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u518d\u751f\u5355\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u518d\u805a\u5408\u7684\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u56de\u6536\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u4ece\u5e9f\u5851\u6599\u4e2d\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u539f\u6599\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388John F. Hartwig\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4\u5728Science<\/em><\/strong>\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u201cCatalytic deconstruction of waste polyethylene with ethylene to form propylene<\/em><\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aDIE\u7ea7\u8054\u50ac\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c06PE\u94fe\u53bb\u9971\u548c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u89e3\u5f00\u94fe\u751f\u6210\u4e19\u70ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8131\u6c22\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u70ef\u70c3\u7684\u590d\u5206\u89e3\u548c\u5f02\u6784\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u5f62\u6210\u4e19\u70ef\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u968f\u540e\u7684C-C\u952e\u88c2\u89e3\uff0c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6(HDPE)\u6216\u4f4e\u5bc6\u5ea6(LDPE)\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u91cfPE\u7684\u8131\u6c22\u548c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u542b\u5185\u70ef\u70c3\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5f02\u6784\u4e59\u70ef\u6c34\u89e3(I\/E)\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u7684PE\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e19\u70ef\uff0c\u6536\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe80%<\/p>\n 1.\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8131\u6c22\u548c\u8131\u9971\u548c\u94fe\u7684\u4e32\u8054\u5f02\u6784\u5316\u4e59\u70ef\u88c2\u89e3\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u4e19\u70ef\u7684\u65b0\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n 2.\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u542bDIE\u7684\u7ea7\u8054\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0PE\u5230\u4e19\u70ef\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u4e0e\u94f1\u94b3\u914d\u5408\u7269\u6216\u94c2\/\u950c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5728\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8131\u6c22\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u542b\u6709\u9ad8\u8fbe3.2%\u5185\u90e8\u70ef\u70c3\u7684\u8131\u6c22\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u964d\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e19\u70ef\uff0c\u6536\u7387\u8d85\u8fc780%\u3002<\/p>\n 3.\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e29\u548c\u50ac\u5316\u6280\u672f\u6709\u671b\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6784\u539f\u672c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u805a\u70ef\u70c3\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe1 \u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u4ef7\u503c\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u00a9 2022 AAAS<\/p>\n (A) \u7528\u70f7\u70c3\u6b63\u5df1\u70f7\u590d\u5206\u89e3\u6cd5\u964d\u89e3\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\uff0c(B) \u901a\u8fc7\u4e32\u8054\u6c22\u89e3\/\u82b3\u6784\u5316\u5c06\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u70f7\u57fa\u82b3\u70c3\uff0c(C) \u901a\u8fc7\u6c22\u89e3\u964d\u89e3PE\uff0c (D) \u901a\u8fc7 DIE \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e19\u70ef(\u5176\u4e2d x \u662f I\/E \u5468\u8f6c\u6b21\u6570)\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe2 DIE \u6761\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5 \u00a9 2022 AAAS<\/p>\n (A) PE \u7684\u5747\u76f8\u8131\u6c22: 0.42 mol% Ir-tBu<\/sup> POCOP (9.8 wt%) \uff0c0.46 mol% NaOtBu\uff0c0.6 M \u5728 PE \u4e2d; \u75280.4\u5f53\u91cf\u7684 TBE\u53cd\u5e9412\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002TBE \u548c M\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e PE \u5355\u4f53\u5355\u5143\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002(B) \u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u8d1f\u8f7d\u53cc\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u805a\u4e59\u70ef(Mn = 26.1 kDa)\u3002\u6761\u4ef6: \u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7528\u91cf20% \uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6350 \u00b0C\u3002\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u9996\u5148\u5728 H2<\/sub>\u6c14\u6d41\u4e0b\u6d3b\u53161\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728 Ar \u6c14\u6d41\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8131\u6c2216\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n (C)\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u805a\u4e59\u70ef (HDPE) \u4e0e M1\u4e59\u70ef\u88c2\u89e3\u524d\u540e\u7684\u51dd\u80f6\u6e17\u900f\u8272\u8c31\u56fe\u3002\u4e59\u70ef\u88c2\u89e3\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a0.36 M \u4e0d\u9971\u548c PE 3.6 mol%\u7684 M1\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u5bf9\u4e8c\u7532\u82ef(\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e PE \u5355\u4f53\u5355\u5143)\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728130 \u00b0C \u4e0b\u572825 bar\u4e59\u70ef\u4e0b\u52a0\u70ed16\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002(D) \u957f\u94fe\u77f3\u8721\uff08\u56db\u5341\u70f7\uff09\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8131\u6c22\u548c\u4e59\u70ef\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u8131\u6c22\u4ea7\u751f\u70ef\u70c3\uff0c\u6536\u7387\u4e3a10%\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7528M1<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e59\u70ef\u5206\u89e3\u4ea7\u751f\u77ed\u94fe\u70ef\u70c3\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe3 \u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u6a21\u5177\u6210\u578b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55 \u00a9 2022 AAAS<\/p>\n (A<\/strong>\uff09I \/E\uff0c\u8131\u6c22HDPE\u8131\u6c22\u6700\u9ad8\u4ea7\u7387\u4e3a80%\u7684\u4e19\u70ef\uff0c\u8131\u6c22\u7387\u4e3a1.96%\u3002\u8131\u6c22PE\u7684I\/E\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a3.6%M1<\/strong>\uff0c2.2%I1<\/strong>\uff0cPE\u4e2d1.78 M\uff0c\u5728130\u00b0C\u7684\u5bf9\u4e8c\u7532\u82ef\u4e2d\u572825 bar\u4e59\u70ef\u4e0b\u52a0\u70ed16\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8d1f\u8f7d\u91cf\u62a5\u544a\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8ePE\u91cd\u590d\u5355\u5143\u603b\u91cf\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\uff08B<\/strong>\uff0913<\/sup>C\u6807\u8bb0\u7684HDPE\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u80cc\u666f\u53cd\u5e94\u6027[\u4e0e\uff08A\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c]\u3002\uff08C<\/strong>\uff09PE\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u7684DIE [\u4e0e\uff08B\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c]\u3002\u4e19\u70ef\u4ea7\u7387\u62a5\u544a\u4e3aX%\uff08Y\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dX\u662f\u4ece\u4e19\u916e\u6c89\u6dc0\u7eaf\u5316\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4ea7\u7387\uff0cY\u662f\u4ece\u672a\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4ea7\u7387\u3002\u5982\u679c\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u672a\u7eaf\u5316\u6837\u54c1\u4e0a\u7684\u8131\u6c22\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe4 \u53cd\u5e94\u8303\u56f4\u53ca\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76 \u00a9 2022 AAAS<\/p>\n (A) I\/E \u4e0e1-\u5341\u516b\u70ef\u7684\u65f6\u7a0b(100% \u6536\u7387 = 458.3 mbar)\u30021-\u5341\u516b\u70ef\u7684 I\/E \u6761\u4ef6: 6.0 mol% M1(\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e59\u70ef\u4e9a\u57fa\u76840.67 mol%) \uff0c3.0 mol% I1(\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e59\u70ef\u4e9a\u57fa\u76840.33 mol%) \uff0c0.500 M \u5728\u70ef\u70c3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u4e8c\u7532\u82ef\u4e2d\u4ee560 \u00b0C \u572825 bar\u7684\u4e59\u70ef\u4e0b\u52a0\u70ed16\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u5229\u7528 COPASI \u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6307\u6570\u5916\u89c2\uff0c\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u62df\u5408 \u96f6\u7ea7\u53cd\u5e94(R2<\/sup> = 0.993\uff0ckcat<\/sub> = 0.071 s-1<\/sup> , kpropylene<\/sub> = 18.0 s\u22121<\/sup>).<\/p>\n (B)\u7528\u8131\u6c22 HDPE (1.41% \u70ef\u70c3) (100% \u6536\u7387 = 193.5 mbar) \u7684 I\/E \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728 (B) \u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027\u62df\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5728\u77ed\u8bf1\u5bfc\u671f\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7684\u96f6\u7ea7\u53cd\u5e94(R2 <\/sup>= 0.989)\u3002(C) \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u652f\u5316\u5bf9 I\/E \u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b501a \u81f31d \u4e0a\u7684 I\/E \u7684\u4ea7\u7387 (D) \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e8c\u70ef\u5bf9 I\/E \u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b501e \u548c1f \u7684 I\/E \u7684\u4ea7\u7387[\u4e0e (A)\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c]\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u805a\u5408\u7269\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u5ea6\u5bf9 I\/E \u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 PCO (Mn <\/sub>= 5.2 kDa)\u3002(C) \u548c (D) \u4e2d\u7684 I\/E \u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u56fe3C \u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u4e19\u70ef\u9664\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u805a\u4e19\u70ef\u5851\u6599\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u591a\u79cd\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u7684\u524d\u4f53\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e19\u70ef\u9178\u3001\u4e19\u70ef\u8148\u548c\u5f02\u4e19\u70ef\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e19\u70ef\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u84b8\u6c7d\u88c2\u5316\u6216\u6d41\u4f53\u50ac\u5316\u88c2\u5316\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u5bf9\u4e19\u70ef\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e19\u70ef\u901a\u8fc7\u7532\u9187\u5236\u70ef\u70c3\u6280\u672f\u3001\u4e19\u70f7\u8131\u6c22\u6216\u4e01\u70ef\u548c\u4e59\u70ef\u7684\u7f29\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\u201c\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u201d\u751f\u4ea7\u4e19\u70ef\u3002<\/p>\n \u591a\u76f8\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5747\u76f8\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684DIE\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u76f8\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0e\u4ece\u4e59\u70ef\u751f\u6210\u957f\u94fe\u70ef\u70c3\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u58f3\u578b\u9ad8\u7b49\u70ef\u70c3\u8fc7\u7a0b(SHOP)\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7ec4\u5408\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u70ef\u70c3\u590d\u5206\u89e3\u548c\u5f02\u6784\u5316\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u89e3\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u8f6c\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5546\u54c1\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u76f8\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u50ac\u5316DIE\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u8131\u6c22\u548cI\/E\u5728\u4e59\u70ef\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fde\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53bb\u9664\u4e19\u70ef\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u805a\u70ef\u70c3\u5e9f\u6599\u6210\u4e3a\u78b3\u6c22\u5316\u5408\u7269\u539f\u6599\u7684DIE\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u56de\u6536\u805a\u70ef\u70c3\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u4f9b\u5e94\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u805a\u70ef\u70c3\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.add1088#con12<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u5bfc\u8bfb 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