{"id":242769,"date":"2022-10-04T23:16:36","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T15:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=242769"},"modified":"2022-10-04T23:16:36","modified_gmt":"2022-10-04T15:16:36","slug":"%e7%bb%a7science%e4%b9%8b%e5%90%8e%ef%bc%8c%e7%83%ad%e7%94%b5%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99%e5%86%8d%e5%8f%91%e9%a1%b6%e5%88%8a%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%8c%e6%9e%81%e7%83%ad%e7%94%b5josephson%e5%8f%91%e5%8a%a8%e6%9c%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=242769","title":{"rendered":"\u7ee7science\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u518d\u53d1\u9876\u520a\uff1a\u53cc\u6781\u70ed\u7535Josephson\u53d1\u52a8\u673a"},"content":{"rendered":"

MichstaBe\u5b59\u56fd\u6587<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u3010\u5bfc\u8bfb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u3010\u6210\u679c\u63a0\u5f71\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784<\/strong>(NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore) Federico Paolucci, Francesco Giazott<\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u7c92\u5b50-\u7a7a\u7a74\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\uff0c\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u7684\u70ed\u68af\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u8d85\u5bfc\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u5927\u7684\u53cc\u6781\u70ed\u7535\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u9ad8\u8fbe\u00b1300 \u03bcV K-1<\/sup>\u7684\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u70b9\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u6b63\u5e38\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u8be5\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3\u5728\u4e9a\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u9884\u671f\u503c\u5927\u7ea6\u63d0\u5347105<\/sup>\u500d\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3\u96c6\u6210\u5230Josephson\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u76f8\u4f4d\u53ef\u8c03\u7684\u529f\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe~140 nW mm-2<\/sup>\u53cc\u6781\u70ed\u7535Josephson\u53d1\u52a8\u673a(Bipolar thermoelectric Josephson engine, BTJE)\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8fdf\u6ede\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u6d41\u6ce8\u5165\u5199\u5165\u6216\u64e6\u9664\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6301\u4e45\u70ed\u7535\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8be5\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u8d85\u5bfc\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/strong>\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u9898\u4e3aBipolar thermoelectric Josephson engine<\/em>\u201d\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u9876\u5c16\u671f\u520aNature nanotechnology<\/em>\u4e0a\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u57fa\u4e8e\u97e7\u6027\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7684\u67d4\u6027\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u521a\u521a\u767b\u4e0a<\/strong>Science(DOI: 10.1126\/science.abq0682<\/em>)<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u3010\u6838\u5fc3\u521b\u65b0\u70b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8d85\u5bfc\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u53cc\u6781\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5728PH\u5bf9\u79f0\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u663e\u8457\u70ed\u7535\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u6d41\u6ce8\u5165\u5199\u5165\u6216\u64e6\u9664\uff0c\u8be5\u8d85\u5bfc\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6301\u4e45\u70ed\u7535\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ece\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u548c\u4f4e\u7ef4\u7535\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u5230\u9ad8\u6e29\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u7edd\u7f18\u4f53\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u56db\u3001\u3010\u6570\u636e\u6982\u89c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u56fe<\/strong>1.<\/strong> BTJE\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u00a9 2022 Springer Nature<\/strong><\/p>\n

    BTJE\u5355\u5143\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53ef\u6291\u5236Josephson\u8026\u5408\u7684Bardeen\u2013Cooper\u2013Schrieffer\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684S1<\/sub>IS2<\/sub>\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3\uff0c(\u5176\u4e2dS1<\/sub>\u548cS2<\/sub>\u5177\u6709\u96f6\u6e29\u5ea6\u80fd\u9699\u03940,1<\/sub>\u2009>\u2009\u03940,2<\/sub>\uff0cI\u4ee3\u8868\u7edd\u7f18\u4f53)\u3002\u5982\u56fe<\/strong>1<\/strong>.a\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u529b(\u56fe<\/strong>1<\/strong>.a\u7684\u9876\u90e8)\u3002\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u70ed\u5dee\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u70ed\u7535\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u96f6\u6e29\u5ea6\u80fd\u9699r\u2009=\u2009\u03940,2<\/sub>\/\u03940,1<\/sub>\u2009\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u6bd4\u7387\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u6700\u4f73\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u56fe<\/strong>1<\/strong>.a\u5e95\u90e8\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6781\u5316\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u70ed\u68af\u5ea6\u548c\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u65cb\u8f6c\u7535\u673a\u3002\u56fe<\/strong>1<\/strong>.b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f69\u8272\u626b\u63cf\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u7167\u7247\u663e\u793a\u4e86BTJE\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u73af\u8d85\u5bfc\u91cf\u5b50\u5e72\u6d89\u5668\u4ef6(SQUID)\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dS1<\/sub>(\u7ea2\u8272\uff0cAl)\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u4e2a\u7edd\u7f18AlOx<\/sub>\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3\u8026\u5408\u5230S2<\/sub>(\u84dd\u8272\uff0cAl\/Cu\u53cc\u5c42)\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2aS1<\/sub>IS2<\/sub>\u7ed3\u6784\u6210Josephson\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5355\u56de\u8def\u53cc\u7ed3\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53cc\u56de\u8defSQUID\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6291\u5236Josephson\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u8fdb\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cS1<\/sub>\u8fd8\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u8d85\u5bfc\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3(\u7eff\u8272\uff0cAl)\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u65bd\u52a0\u7535\u538bVh<\/sub>\u4ea7\u751f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7126\u8033\u52a0\u70ed\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fe<\/strong>1<\/strong>.c\u5c55\u793a\u4e8630 mK\u4e0b\u4e24\u7ebfSQUID\u7535\u6d41(I)\u4e0e\u7535\u538b(V)\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002Josephson\u4e34\u754c\u7535\u6d41\u5728\u96f6\u504f\u538b\u9644\u8fd1\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u5cf0\u503c\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u7535\u6d41(IC<\/sub>)\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u56fe\u6837\u5982\u56fe<\/strong>1<\/strong>.d\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u56fe<\/strong>1<\/strong>.e\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"\u56fe<\/strong>2.<\/strong> \u53cc\u6781\u578b\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u00a9 2022 Springer Nature<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u53cc\u6781\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86BTJE\u5728\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a30 mK\u65f6\u7684\u5b50\u80fd\u9699\u7684IV\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728S1<\/sub>\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u529f\u7387(Pin<\/sub>)\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u529f\u7387\u5c06S1<\/sub>\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u6e29\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u70ed\u68af\u5ea6\u3002\u7531\u4e8eJosephson\u8026\u5408\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u70ed\u7535\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06SQUID\u7684\u78c1\u901a\u504f\u7f6e\u5728\u03a6 = 0.33\u03a60<\/sub>\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06\u6d41\u8fc7\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u7684\u8d85\u7535\u6d41\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u78c1\u901a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0cJosephson\u5bf9\u7535\u8377\u8f93\u8fd0\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u96f6\u8f93\u5165\u529f\u7387\uff0c\u5b50\u80fd\u9699\u51c6\u7c92\u5b50\u7535\u6d41\u4e0e\u504f\u7f6e\u7535\u538b\u76f8\u53cd\u6d41\u52a8(IV < 0)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u663e\u793a\u7edd\u5bf9\u8d1f\u7535\u5bfc\uff0c\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u70ed\u7535\u7684\u4ea7\u751f(\u56fe<\/strong>2<\/strong>.a)\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cBTJE\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u53cc\u6781\u6027\u53d1\u7535\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u79f0\u70ed\u7535IV\u7279\u6027\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d85\u5bfc\u5f15\u7ebf\u7684PH\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3002\u5982\u56fe<\/strong>2<\/strong>.a\u4e2d\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u66f2\u7ebf\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u529f\u7387\u8fc7\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u70ed\u7535\u6d88\u5931\uff0cIV\u7279\u6027\u663e\u793a\u5e38\u89c4\u8017\u6563\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u56fe<\/strong>2<\/strong>.b\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u6700\u4f4e\u52a0\u70ed\u529f\u7387\u4e3a10 pw\u65f6\uff0c\u70ed\u7535\u538b\u503c\u53ef\u8fbe\u00b1150 \u03bcV\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u679c\u975e\u5e38\u543b\u5408\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u7cfb\u6570\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u70ed\u7535\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u53cc\u6781\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u7cfb\u6570\u4e0ePin<\/sub>\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u56fe<\/strong>2<\/strong>.c\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eBTJE\uff0c\u5728Pin<\/sub> = 10 pW\u65f6\uff0cS\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u8fbe\u00b1300 \u03bcV K-1<\/sup>\u3002\u8be5\u503c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206Al\u7684\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u7cfb\u6570\u7684105<\/sup>\u500d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a2\u7a76\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u548cJosephson\u8026\u5408\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u529f\u7387\u4e0b\u7a7f\u900f\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u78c1\u901a\u91cf\u503c\u7684IV\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5982\u56fe<\/strong>2<\/strong>.d\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u7684Josephson\u7535\u6d41\u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u538b\u6781\u6027\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u90fd\u88ab\u5f3a\u70c8\u6291\u5236\u3002\u5728\u56fe<\/strong>2<\/strong>.e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u8f83\u5927\u529f\u7387\u65f6\uff0cJosephson\u8026\u5408\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f71\u54cd\u70ed\u7535\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"\u56fe<\/strong>3.<\/strong> BTJE\u7684\u4f4e\u6e29\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u00a9 2022 Springer Nature<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u56fe<\/strong>3<\/strong>.a\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5cSQUID\u4f5c\u4e3a\u70ed\u7535\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5668\u4ef6\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7535\u963b(RL<\/sub>)\u5e76\u8054\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u6d41(Ib<\/sub>)\u504f\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u56fe<\/strong>3<\/strong>.b\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u70ed\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u4f53\u7cfbBTJE\u2225RL<\/sub>\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u591a\u8fbe\u4e09\u79cd\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u3002\u5982\u56fe<\/strong>3<\/strong>.c\u6240\u793a\u3002\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u7531\u6b63(\u8d1f)\u7535\u6d41\u504f\u7f6e\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u70ed\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f3a\u70c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u70ed\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u5e45\u503c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u529f\u7387Pin<\/sub>\u5bf9\u538b\u964d(VL<\/sub>)\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd(\u56fe<\/strong>3<\/strong>d)\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u529f\u7387\uff0cRL<\/sub>\u7684\u7535\u538b\u548cVL<\/sub>\u6781\u6027\u53cd\u8f6c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u504f\u7f6e\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u90fd\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u529f\u7387\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6ede\u56de\u884c\u4e3a\u6d88\u5931\uff0cBTJE\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u5982\u56fe<\/strong>3<\/strong>.e\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7535\u8def\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u7ed3\u679c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u7535\u8def\u5177\u6709\u8fdf\u6ede\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u7531\u7535\u6d41\u8109\u51b2\u5199\u5165\/\u64e6\u9664\u7684\u6613\u5931\u6027\u70ed\u7535\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u3002\u56fe<\/strong>3<\/strong>.f\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u7531BTJE\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7535\u963b\u4e0a\u4e0ePin<\/sub>\u572830 mK\u548c\u03a6 = 0.33\u03a60<\/sub>\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"\u56fe<\/strong>4. <\/strong>BTJE\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002\u3002\u00a9 2022 Springer Nature<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u56fe<\/strong>4<\/strong>.a\u663e\u793a\u4e86RL<\/sub> = 2 M\u03a9\u548c\u03a6 = 0.33\u03a60<\/sub>\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684PL<\/sub>\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u529f\u7387Pin<\/sub>\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u968f\u7740T\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u7387\u666e\u904d\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53cc\u6781\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u51cf\u5f31\uff0cPin<\/sub>\u5728BTJE\u5de5\u4f5c\u8303\u56f4\u7f29\u5c0f\u3002\u800cBTJE\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6e29\u5ea6\u9ad8\u8fbe250 mK\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eS2<\/sub>\u4e34\u754c\u6e29\u5ea6\u768440%\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u9884\u671f\u7684PL<\/sub>\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u529f\u7387\u7684\u975e\u5355\u8c03\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728T = 250 mK\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u5982\u56fe<\/strong>4<\/strong>.b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u503c\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u7387\u7684\u03a6\u7684\u53ef\u8c03\u6027\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u78c1\u901a\u91cf\u66f4\u654f\u611f(\u56fe<\/strong>2<\/strong>.e)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9BTJE\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u7387(\u5373\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29\u4e0b)\u6216\u901a\u91cf\u7075\u654f\u5ea6(\u5373\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b)\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e94\u3001\u3010\u6210\u679c\u542f\u793a\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8d85\u5bfc\u96a7\u9053\u7ed3\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u53cc\u6781\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5728PH\u5bf9\u79f0\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u63d0\u9ad8\u70ed\u7535\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f53\u53d7\u5230\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u70ed\u504f\u5dee\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5Josephson\u7ed3\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u663e\u8457\u7684\u53cc\u6781\u53d1\u7535\uff0c\u8fd9\u6e90\u4e8e\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u81ea\u53d1PH\u5bf9\u79f0\u7834\u574f\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5229\u7528BTJE\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u5ba4\u6e29\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7535\u963b\u4f9b\u7535\u3002BTJE\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe~24 fW\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a~140 nW mm-2<\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a7\u5236BTJE\u7684\u7535\u8def\u5177\u6709\u6ede\u56deIV\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u7279\u6027\u5b9e\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6613\u5931\u6027\u70ed\u7535\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0cBTJE\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u3001\u8f90\u5c04\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u548c\u5f00\u5173\u5728\u8d85\u5bfc\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ece\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u548c\u4f4e\u7ef4\u7535\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u5230\u9ad8\u6e29\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u7edd\u7f18\u4f53\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5: Germanese, G., Paolucci, F., Marchegiani, G. et al. Bipolar thermoelectric Josephson engine. Nat. Nanotechnol. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41565-022-01208-y<\/p>\n

    \u672c\u6587\u7531MichstaBe\u5b59\u56fd\u6587\u4f9b\u7a3f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    MichstaBe\u5b59\u56fd\u6587 \u4e00\u3001\u3010\u5bfc\u8bfb\u3011 \u70ed\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u6750\u6599\u5c06\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7535\u80fd\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u70ed\u7535\u5143\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u77ed\u8def\u7535\u6d41(\u73c0\u8033\u5e16\u673a\u5236)\u6216\u4ea7\u751f\u5f00\u8def\u7535\u538b(\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u673a\u5236…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34745,"featured_media":242774,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[215,67],"tags":[4936,4937,748,30],"class_list":["post-242769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jiedu","category-zhoubao","tag-josephson","tag-4937","tag-redian","tag-chaodao"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/242769"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/34745"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=242769"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/242769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":242963,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/242769\/revisions\/242963"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/242774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=242769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=242769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=242769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}