{"id":230550,"date":"2021-12-08T06:25:39","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T22:25:39","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=230550"},"modified":"2021-12-07T21:25:48","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T13:25:48","slug":"nature%ef%bc%9a%e6%ac%a1%e6%99%b6%e6%80%81%e9%87%91%e5%88%9a%e7%9f%b3%e7%9a%84%e5%90%88%e6%88%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=230550","title":{"rendered":"Nature\uff1a\u6b21\u6676\u6001\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u7684\u5408\u6210"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/strong>\u80cc\u666f\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u975e\u6676\u6001\u56fa\u4f53<\/strong>(noncrystalline solid)<\/strong>\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u4f53\u6216\u73bb\u7483\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u957f\u7a0b\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u6676\u4f53\u6392\u5217\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u5cf0\u5728\u975e\u6676\u6750\u6599\u7684\u884d\u5c04\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u975e\u6676\u56fa\u4f53\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5e8f\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u91d1\u5c5e\u73bb\u7483\u4e2d\u7684\u77ed\u7a0b\u6709\u5e8f(SRO)\u5230\u4e2d\u7a0b\u6709\u5e8f(MRO)\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u968f\u673a\u975e\u6676\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc(CRN)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u7a0b\u5230\u4e0e\u957f\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u6392\u5217\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u56e0\u975e\u6676\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u65e0\u5e38\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u6392\u5e8f\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u8c1c\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6b21\u6676\u6001\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6b21\u6676\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u975e\u6676\u57fa\u4f53\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u4e2d\u7a0b\u6709\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u672a\u80fd\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u5b8c\u5168\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u4ec5\u5177\u6709MRO\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u957f\u7a0b\u6709\u5e8f(LRO)\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u6b21\u6676\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9274\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u533a\u5206\u5177\u6709\u548c\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7ed3\u6676<\/strong>MRO<\/strong>\u7684\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u56fa\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4fe1\u606f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u7ed3\u6676MRO\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6750\u6599\u72b6\u6001\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f57\u585e\u5854\u77f3\u7891\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u6765\u63ed\u793a\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u7ed3\u6676\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u5728\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6b21\u6676\u6001\u91d1\u521a\u77f3<\/strong>(p-D)<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6210\u679c\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5317\u4eac\u9ad8\u538b\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u71d5\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u7f11\u6167\u9633\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e54\u6cbb\u6885\u68ee\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7ea2\u536b\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4\u5408\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u4e3b\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u9ad8\u538b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u572830 GPa\uff0c1500-1600 K\u7684\u9ad8\u6e29\u9ad8\u538b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5bcc\u52d2\u70ef\uff08C60<\/sub>\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u5bcc\u52d2\u70ef\u805a\u5408\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684sp3\u952e\u5408\u7684\u78b3\u3002\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u663e\u793a\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e14\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7c7b\u6676\u4f53\u56e2\u7c07\uff08\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a0.5-1.0 nm\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u5b50\u6784\u578b\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u7acb\u65b9\u548c\u516d\u65b9\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6676\u683c\u7578\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u4e9a\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6b21\u6676\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6784\u6210\u7684\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6b21\u6676\u91d1\u521a\u77f3(paracrystalline diamond\uff08p-D\uff09)\u3002p-D\u5177\u6709\u7efc\u5408\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u7aef\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u3002p-D\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u5bb6\u65cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u65b0\u578b\u7c7b\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u62d3\u6251\u4e0a\u94fe\u63a5\u4e86\u975e\u6676\u6001\u548c\u6676\u6001\uff0c\u5bf9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u975e\u6676\u6750\u6599\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\u4ee5\u9898\u4e3a\u201cSynthesis of paracrystalline diamond\u201d\u53d1\u8868\u5728 nature\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u6587\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u5f81\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u9009\u53d6\u9762\u5fc3\u7acb\u65b9(fcc)\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u96f6\u7ef4\u5bcc\u52d2\u70ef(C60)<\/sub>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u572830 GPa\u548c1200-1800 K\u6e29\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5bf9\u5176\u76f8\u53d8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u572830 GPa\u7684\u9ad8\u538b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6e29\u5ea6\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04(XRD)\u56fe\u8c31\u5982\u56fe1a\u3002\u884d\u5c04\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb<\/strong>C60<\/sub><\/strong>\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u56fe<\/strong>1b)<\/strong>\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u65b0\u76f8\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/strong>\u3002\u5728~2.9\u3001~5.4\u548c~8.4 \u00c5-1<\/sup>\u9644\u8fd1\u5c55\u5bbd\u7684\u884d\u5c04\u5cf0\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u975e\u6676\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e0esp3\u952e\u542b\u91cf\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u975e\u6676\u91d1\u521a\u77f3(a-D)\u548cDLC\u78b3\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57281400 K\u4ee5\u4e0a\u70ed\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u81f4\u5bc6\u7684\u7c7b\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u7ed3\u6784(sp3<\/sup>\u4e3a\u4e3b)\u3002\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u91c7\u7528\u62c9\u66fc\u5149\u8c31\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u635f\u5931\u8c31(EELS)\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u91cf\u8003\u5bdf\u6837\u54c1\u4e2dsp2<\/sup>\u548csp3<\/sup>\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ece1400 K\u56de\u6536\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u542b\u6709sp2<\/sup>\u952e\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59\u91cf(~5.2 %)\uff0c\u800c\u4ece<\/strong>1400 K<\/strong>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56de\u6536\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u5b8c\u5168\u662f<\/strong>sp3<\/strong>\u952e\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u6210\u529f\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u975e\u6676\u6001\u91d1\u521a\u77f3<\/strong>\u3002\u6837\u54c1\u57281500\u548c1600 K\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f30\u8ba1\u5206\u522b\u4e3a3.20\u548c3.25 g cm-3\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1a-D (3.30 g cm-3<\/sup>)\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5347\u9ad8\u6e29\u5ea6\u81f31800 K\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6e29\u5ea6\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7ed3\u6676\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe1. \u5728 30 GPa\u548c1200-1600 K\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5408\u6210\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u5f81<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001HRTEM<\/strong>\u8868\u5f81\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe2\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c(HRTEM)\u56fe\u50cf\u3002HRTEM\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0eLRO\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6676\u683c\u6761\u7eb9\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6837\u54c1\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916(~1 nm)\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u6027\u3002\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6\u5c0f\u533a\u57df(7.0\u00d77.0 nm2<\/sup>)\u8fdb\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u53d8\u6362(FFT)\u5f97\u5230\u52a8\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6563\u5c04\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u6240\u9009\u533a\u57df\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684<\/strong>FFT<\/strong>\u8c31\u56fe\u7684\u6f2b\u6655\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u6574\u4f53\u975e\u6676\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e0e<\/strong>XRD<\/strong>\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4<\/strong>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u7ec6\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u68c0\u6d4b\u8868\u660e\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u56fe\u50cf\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u5347\u9ad8FFT\u73af\u53d8\u7a84\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u3002\u6709\u5e8f\u7684HRTEM\u56fe\u50cf\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u975e\u6676Si\u8584\u819c\u548c\u5177\u6709MRO\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5757\u4f53\u91d1\u5c5e\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5148\u524d\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u7528CRN\u6a21\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684a-D\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u57281400-1600 K\u9000\u706b\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0cHRTEM\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u5927\u91cf0.5-1.0 nm\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u56e2\u7c07\u3002\u5728~1.0 nm\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u8ddd\u79bb\u5185\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u4e24\u7c7b\u6676\u683c\u6761\u7eb9\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u6cbf\u7740CD\u548cHD\u7684\u548c\u533a\u8f74\u9760\u8fd1\u539f\u5b50\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u56fe2f\u6240\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u533a(2.0\u00d72.0\u2009nm2<\/sup>)\u7684FFT\u56fe\u8c31\u5f97\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5339\u914dCD\u6216HD\u6676\u5e8f\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u2018\u884d\u5c04\u2019\u6591\u70b9\u53ef\u8fa8\u8ba4\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7acb\u65b9\u76f8\u548c\u516d\u65b9\u76f8\u7684MRO\u56e2\u7c07\u90fd\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u626d\u66f2\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6676\u683c\u6761\u7eb9\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u89d2\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u539f\u59cbCD\u548cHD\u4f53\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u89d2\u3002\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u975e\u6676\u6001\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u7684\u5f62\u8c8c\u660e\u663e\u533a\u522b\u4e8ea-D\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u5f62\u6210\u6676\u6001MRO\u5bf9\u6837\u54c1\u7ed3\u6784\u8d77\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u63ed\u793a\u975e\u6676\u6001\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u4e2d\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7ecf\u5178\u5206\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66(MD)\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u78b3\u548c\u7edd\u70ed\u504f\u538bMD\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u52bf\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u4ece\u521d\u59cb<\/strong>C60<\/sub><\/strong>\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6a21\u62df<\/strong>HP-HT<\/strong>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5bcc\u52d2\u70ef\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5730\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u975e\u6676\u6001\u91d1\u521a\u77f3<\/strong>\u3002\u57281600\u2009K\u5f62\u6210\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b8c\u6574\u7684sp3<\/sup>\u952e\u65f6\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u5c0f\u800c\u591a\u4ea7\u7684\u5e26\u6709CD\u548cHD\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5806\u79ef\u56e2\u7c07\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9bMRO\u56e2\u7c07\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b4-5\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u58f3\u5c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6b21\u6676\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6a21\u62df\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5ef6\u957f\uff0c\u6b21\u6676\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u03d5=0.7\u5904\u9971\u548c\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6b21\u6676\u542b\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9608\u503c(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u03d5=0.3)\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b21\u6676\u5f00\u59cb\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u901a\u5e76\u76f8\u4e92\u5305\u7ed3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe2. 30 GPa\u548c1200-1600 K\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5408\u6210\u6837\u54c1\u7684HRTEM\u8868\u5f81<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6b21\u6676\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u548c\u975e\u6676\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u6784\u56e0\u5b50S(Q)\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u6b21\u6676\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u548c\u975e\u6676\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5dee\u5f02\u3002S(Q)\u5bf9\u4e8ep-D\u548ca-D\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u4f46\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5224\u522b\u3002\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u901a\u8fc7Ornstein-Zernike\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86S(Q)\u3002\u56fe3a\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86a-D\u548cp-D (\u03d5= 0.7)\u7684\u6a21\u62dfS(Q)\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5cf0\u503c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e24\u79cd<\/strong>S(Q)<\/strong>\u5256\u9762\u5747\u4e3a\u975e\u6676\u6001\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u5dee\u5f02\u5341\u5206\u660e\u663e<\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8ea-D\uff0c\u5728~2.9 \u00c5-1<\/sup>\u5904\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e3b\u884d\u5c04\u5cf0\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5728~5.4 \u00c5-1<\/sup>\u5904\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e3b\u884d\u5c04\u5cf0\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0ea-D\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6b21\u6676\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5cf0\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5355\u8c03\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5cf0\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5cf0\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5cf0\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6bd4<\/strong>I1<\/sub>\/I2<\/sub><\/strong>\u4e0e\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d<\/strong>MRO<\/strong>\u88ab\u963b\u6ede\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5448\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u6b21\u6676\u542b\u91cf<\/strong>\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u56fe1\u7684XRD\u56fe\u8c31\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6837\u54c1\u7684S(Q)\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8d8b\u52bf(\u56fe3b)\u3002\u5c06I1\/I2\u4e0e\u6b21\u6676\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570\u03d5\u4f5c\u56fe\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0<\/strong>1400 K<\/strong>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u51c6\u6b21\u6676<\/strong>(\u56fe3c)\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u57281500\u548c1600 K\u4e0b\uff0c\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u6b21\u6676\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u9ad8\u8fbe47%\u548c52%\uff0c\u4e0e\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u76f8\u5173\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u6790HRTEM\u56fe\u50cf\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u6b21\u6676\u7684\u542b\u91cf(46%\u548c48%)\u76f8\u8fd1\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u6b21\u6676\u7684\u6a21\u578b(\u03d5=0.5)\u7684S(Q)\u4e0e1500\u4e2a\u2009K\u6837\u54c1\u7684S(Q)\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u56fe3d\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e8670 % CD-\u548cHD-\u51c6\u6b21\u6676(~0.8-1.0 nm)\u548c\u5269\u4f5930% a-D\u7684\u5747\u76f8p-D\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u62dfHRTEM\u50cf(\u56fe\u00a0 3e)\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u543b\u5408\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u6837\u54c1\u5728<\/strong>1500<\/strong>\u548c<\/strong>1600\u2009K<\/strong>\u4e0b\u7684\u51c6\u6b21\u6676\u7684\u6027\u8d28<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5171\u90bb\u5206\u6790(CNA)\u548c\u53d6\u5411\u987a\u5e8f\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u533a\u5206a-D\u548cp-D\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5dee\u5f02\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bc6\u522bp-D\u4e2d\u7684CD-\u6216HD\u539f\u5b50\u5806\u79ef\u3002\u56fe4a\u663e\u793a\u4e86p-D\u548ca-D\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u57fa\u4e8e\u5404\u81ea\u7684MRO\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7CNA\uff0c\u9ad8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684CD-\u548cHD\u56e2\u7c07\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u5728p-D\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728a-D\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c06p-D\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u975e\u6676Si\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cCRN\u578ba-D\u5728\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u58f3\u5c42\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u7c7b\u91d1\u521a\u77f3SRO\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0esp3<\/sup>\u78b3\u5728\u6240\u6709IV\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u4e00\u81f4\u3002a-D\u660e\u663e\u7684\u672c\u5f81\u7c7b\u91d1\u521a\u77f3SRO\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86MRO\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u51c6\u6676\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0cp-D\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5408\u6210\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eC60<\/sub>\u524d\u9a71\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cp-D\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u6838\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u90bbC60<\/sub>\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u53d6\u5411\u76f8\u5173\u7684sp3\u952e\u4e3a\u6210\u6838\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80b2\u7684\u573a\u6240\u3002\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793aC60<\/sub>\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u9ad8\u538b\u4e0b\u5411\u6b21\u6676\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3b\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a1\u3001C60<\/sub>\u5728\u538b\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7C60<\/sub>\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u7684\u805a\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e14\u5747\u5300\u7684\u5f62\u6838\u70b9\u3002\u572830 GPa\u548c\u5ba4\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u7ea615% sp3\u952e\u751f\u6210\uff1b2\u3001\u5728\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u8bf1\u5bfcC60<\/sub>\u5206\u5b50\u805a\u5408\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u5f53\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u5230700-900K\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0cC60<\/sub>\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u59cb\u574d\u584c\uff0c\u884c\u6210sp2<\/sup>-sp3<\/sup>\u6df7\u6742\u7684\u975e\u6676\u78b3\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0csp3<\/sup>\u952e\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e5f\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u52a0\u70ed\u52301600K\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u884c\u6210\u975e\u6676\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\uff1b3\u3001\u572830 GPa\u548c1600 K\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b49\u6e29\u9000\u706b\u5b8c\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u7684a-D\u50cfp-D\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8f6c\u53d8\u521d\u671f\u5f62\u6210\u7684sp3<\/sup>\u952e\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u63a5\u89e6\u533a\u57df\u5b9a\u5411\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u4e8ea-D\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8ep-D\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002C60<\/sub>\u5728\u9ad8\u538b\u3001\u4f4e\u6e29\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u805a\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u5747\u4e00\u7684sp3<\/sup>\u952e\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u5f02\u76f8\u6210\u6838\u548c\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210p-D\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe3.\u00a0 p-D\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u5f81<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe4.\u00a0 p-D\u548ca-D\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5dee\u5f02<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5229\u7528\u5bcc\u52d2\u70ef(C60<\/sub>)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u9a71\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u6781\u7aef\u9ad8\u538b\u7684\u5927\u8154\u4f53\u538b\u673a\u6280\u672f(30 GPa\u548c1500-1600K\u7684\u6e29\u538b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b)\u6210\u529f\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u6b21\u6676\u6001\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u3002\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u6cd5\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6b21\u6676\u6001\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u662f\u4ee5\u4e9a\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6b21\u6676\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u975e\u6676\u6001\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6297\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u6b21\u6676\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u6001\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u578b\u7c7b\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u6750\u6599\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b21\u6676\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u62d3\u6251\u4e0a\u94fe\u63a5\u975e\u6676\u6001\u548c\u6676\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63ed\u793a\u975e\u6676\u6750\u6599\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8d28\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5510\u864e<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u7f11\u6167\u9633\u3001\u751f\u7ea2\u536b<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8baf\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u9ad8\u538b\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u71d5\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e54\u6cbb\u6885\u68ee\u5927\u5b66<\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587doi\uff1a<\/p>\n

https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-04122-w<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531\u6e29\u534e\u4f9b\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u80cc\u666f\u4ecb\u7ecd \u975e\u6676\u6001\u56fa\u4f53(noncrystalline solid)\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u4f53\u6216\u73bb\u7483\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u957f\u7a0b\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u6676\u4f53\u6392\u5217\u76f8\u5173\u7684…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11454,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[215],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-230550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-jiedu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230550"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/11454"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=230550"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230550\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":230557,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230550\/revisions\/230557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=230550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=230550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=230550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}