{"id":223218,"date":"2021-06-15T06:40:27","date_gmt":"2021-06-14T22:40:27","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=223218"},"modified":"2021-06-14T17:40:43","modified_gmt":"2021-06-14T09:40:43","slug":"science%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e4%ba%8e%e7%a3%b7%e8%b4%a8%e5%ad%90%e7%a9%bf%e6%a2%ad%e7%9a%84%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e3%80%81%e5%bf%ab%e9%80%9f%e6%b0%ae%e8%bf%98%e5%8e%9f%e4%b8%ba%e6%b0%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=223218","title":{"rendered":"Science\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u78f7\u8d28\u5b50\u7a7f\u68ad\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u6c28"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u751f\u4ea7\u6c28\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u800c\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u54c8\u4f2f-\u535a\u4e16\u6cd5\uff08Haber-Bosch\uff09\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u635f\u574f\uff0c\u4e0e\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u7535\u529b\u4f9b\u5e94\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u79cd\u56fa\u6c2e\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u8be5\u5de5\u827a\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u4e14\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u7535\u529b\u3002\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u4e0e\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u65bd\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94(NRR) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u6bd4N2<\/sub>\u548cH2<\/sub>\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u529b\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06N2<\/sub>\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3aNH3<\/sub>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5728NRR\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9502\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684NRR\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76ee\u524d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5728\u6c28\u4ea7\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9502\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684N2<\/sub>\u7535\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb30\u5e74\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u53d6\u5f97\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002 \u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u572850 bar\u7684N2<\/sub>\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c28\u7684\u4ea7\u7387\u7ea6\u4e3a2\u81f34 nmol s-1<\/sup>\u00a0cm-2<\/sup>\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6548\u7387\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u670960%\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u5728\u4ea7\u751f\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c22\u5316\u9502(LiH)\u548cH2<\/sub>\u3002\u9650\u5236\u9502\u4ecb\u5bfcNRR\u4f53\u7cfb\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u53c2\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u6e90\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u7a7f\u68ad\u7269\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5728\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7535\u6c60\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6210\u679c\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u83ab\u7eb3\u4ec0\u5927\u5b66Douglas R. MacFarlane\u6559\u6388\u548cAlexandr N. Simonov\u6559\u6388<\/b><\/strong>\uff08<\/b><\/strong>\u5171\u540c<\/b><\/strong>\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff09\u56e2\u961f<\/b><\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba<\/b><\/strong>\u5e26\u9886\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u78f7\u76d0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d28\u5b50\u7a7f\u68ad\u3002\u8be5\u76d0\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\uff0c\u57280.5 bar\u6c22\u6c14\u548c19.5 bar\u6c2e\u6c14\u4e0b\u768420\u00a0h\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0cNH3<\/sub>\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u901f\u7387\u4e3a53\u00b11\u00a0mmol\/s\/cm2<\/sup>\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6548\u7387\u4e3a69\u00b11%\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c3\u5929\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u6210\u679c\u4ee5\u9898\u4e3a\u201c<\/b><\/strong>Nitrogen reduction to ammonia at high efficiency and rates based on a phosphonium proton shuttle<\/b><\/strong>\u201d<\/b><\/strong>\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u4e86Science<\/b><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u3010\u56fe\u6587\u5bfc\u8bfb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe1<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0H<\/b><\/strong>2<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>\u548cN<\/b><\/strong>2<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>\u53ef<\/b><\/strong>\u6301\u7eed\u7535\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>
\n \"\"<\/p>\n

\u9634\u6781\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u5c06Li+<\/sup>\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c5e\u9502\uff0c\u4e0eN2<\/sub>\u5feb\u901f\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210Li3<\/sub>N\uff0cLi3<\/sub>N\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u91ca\u653e\u76ee\u6807\u4ea7\u7269NH3<\/sub>\u3002\u8d28\u5b50\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e3a\u78f7\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u78f7\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u53bb\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u53f6\u7acb\u5fb7\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u5230\u9633\u6781\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0eH2<\/sub>\u6c27\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u7684H+<\/sup>\u53cd\u5e94\u518d\u751f\u56de\u5230\u78f7\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>2 \u78f7\u8d28\u5b50\u8f7d\u4f53\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53bb\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u548c\u518d\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u5faa\u73af<\/b><\/strong>\"\"<\/p>\n

(A)\u56db\u6c22\u544b\u5583\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d[P6,6,6,14<\/sub>]+<\/sup>\u79bb\u5b50\u53ca\u517631<\/sup>P\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u8c31\uff0c\u572832.9 ppm\u5904\u51fa\u73b0\u5cf0\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

(B)\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0eLi3<\/sub>N\u53cd\u5e94\u5f62\u6210\u53f6\u7acb\u5fb7\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u5cf0\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5e76\u57289.3 ppm\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u53f6\u7acb\u5fb7\u5cf0\u3002<\/p>\n

(C)\u7528\u4e59\u9178\u5904\u7406\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u518d\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u91cd\u65b0\u5f62\u6210\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c32.9 ppm\u5cf0\u5f97\u5230\u6062\u590d\u3002\u6807\u6709\u661f\u53f7\u7684\u5cf0\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u6821\u6b63\u5230-6ppm\u7684PPh3<\/sub>\u5916\u6807\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u572824\u00b0\u00b12\u00b0C, 0.1 M [P6,6,6,14<\/sub>][eFAP]\u56db\u6c22\u544b\u5583\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>3 \u9502\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684NH<\/b><\/strong>3<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>\u7535\u5408\u6210\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6307\u6807<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(A) P(N2<\/sub>) = 20 bar\u65f6\uff0c0.1 M [P6,6,6,14<\/sub>][eFAP](\u84dd\u8272)\u62160.17 M C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OH(\u7ea2\u8272)\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\uff08\u626b\u63cf\u901f\u73870.020 V s-1<\/sup>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

(B)\u5728P(N2<\/sub>) = 20 bar\u65f6\uff0cE=-0.75 V vs. Li0\/+<\/sup>\u7684\u6052\u5b9a\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u6027(\u8ba1\u65f6\u5b89\u57f9\u56fe)\u7684\u91cd\u73b0\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

(C,D) P(N2<\/sub>) = 20 bar\u65f6(C)\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u548cE =-0.75 V vs. Li0\/+<\/sup>\u65f6(D)\u7684N2<\/sub>\u538b\u529b\u5bf92h\u5185\u6c28\u4ea7\u7387\u548c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>4 <\/b><\/strong>N<\/b><\/strong>2<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>\u548cH<\/b><\/strong>2<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6c28\u7535\u5408\u6210<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

(A) NH3<\/sub>\u4ea7\u7387(\u84dd\u8272)\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6548\u7387(\u6a59\u8272)\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u84dd\u865a\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u7ebf\u6027\u62df\u5408\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6052\u5b9a\u901f\u7387\u4e3a53.7\u00b10.4 nmol s\u22121<\/sup>\u00a0cm\u22122<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

(B)\u5728-22.5 mA cm-2<\/sup>\u7684\u6052\u5b9a\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7535\u6c60\u603b\u7535\u4f4dEcathode<\/sub>-Eanode<\/sub>\uff08\u7eff\u8272\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u6781\uff08\u7c89\u7ea2\u8272\uff09\u548c\u6b63\u6781\uff08\u84dd\u8272\uff09\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010<\/strong>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong>\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u78f7\u76d0\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6253\u5f00\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u672a\u6765\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4f20\u8f93\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u7535\u6c60\u4e2d\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u7a7f\u68ad\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6c2e\u6c14\u88ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u8d28-\u7535\u6781\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u6269\u6563\u7535\u6781\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7eff\u8272\u6c28\u548c\u5316\u80a5\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u5de5\u4e1a\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u524d\u666f\u66f4\u52a0\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/b><\/strong>Nitrogen reduction to ammonia at high efficiency and rates based on a phosphonium proton shuttle<\/u><\/a>\uff08Science\uff0c2021\uff0cDOI:10.1126\/science.abg2371\uff09<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531\u6728\u6587\u97ec<\/b><\/strong>\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u725b\u6574\u7406\u7f16\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5230\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u5ba3\u4f20\u79d1\u6280\u6210\u679c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u6295\u7a3f\u90ae\u7bb1tougao@cailiaoren.com\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011 \u5408\u6210\u6c28\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u751f\u4ea7\u6c28\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u800c\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u54c8\u4f2f-\u535a\u4e16\u6cd5\uff08Haber-Bosch\uff09\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u5e94…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2109,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[215],"tags":[155,116,3598],"class_list":["post-223218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-jiedu","tag-science","tag-catalyst","tag-3598"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223218"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2109"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=223218"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":223323,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223218\/revisions\/223323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=223218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=223218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=223218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}