{"id":195392,"date":"2020-02-12T06:25:23","date_gmt":"2020-02-11T22:25:23","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=195392"},"modified":"2020-02-11T22:25:58","modified_gmt":"2020-02-11T14:25:58","slug":"%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%9d%e4%b9%8b%e6%89%8b-%e6%89%ab%e6%8f%8f%e9%9a%a7%e9%81%93%e6%98%be%e5%be%ae%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e5%ad%90%e7%ba%a7%e6%93%8d%e7%ba%b5%e5%92%8c%e5%8e%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=195392","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u624b\u201d—-\u626b\u63cf\u96a7\u9053\u663e\u5fae\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u64cd\u7eb5\u548c\u539f\u4f4d\u8868\u5f81\u6280\u672f\u5728\u6750\u6599\u521b\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. STM\u6cbf\u9769\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u8d39\u66fc\u7684\u201c\u7eb3\u7c73\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u626b\u63cf\u96a7\u9053\u663e\u5fae\u955c\uff08scanning tunneling microscope\uff0c STM\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5219\u662f\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u20141990\u5e74Eigler[1]<\/sup>\u7b49\u4eba\u5229\u7528STM\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u5bf9\u6c19\u539f\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u63a7\u4e66\u5199\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u63a7\u8d85\u9ad8\u771f\u7a7a\u548c\u5236\u51b7\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u5229\u7528STM\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u5b9e\u73b0\u8868\u5f81\u7531\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u91c7\u7528STM\u8fdb\u884c\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u64cd\u63a7\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5747\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e[2]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u548c\u6700\u65b0\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n

a.STM\u539f\u4f4d\u8868\u5f81\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

\u626b\u63cf\u96a7\u9053\u5149\u8c31\u5b66\uff08STS\uff09\u80fd\u591f\u6d4b\u91cf\u5fae\u5206\u7535\u5bfc\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u5c40\u90e8\u80fd\u6001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7ed3\u5408\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u80fd\u529b\uff0cSTM\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u50cf\u3001\u64cd\u7eb5\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u591a\u63a2\u9488STM\uff08MP-STM\uff09\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u6539\u8fdb\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u65e5\u81fb\u6210\u719f\u7684MP-STM\u6280\u672f\u901a\u5e38\u62e5\u6709\u56db\u4e2aSTM\u626b\u63cf\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u591a\u63a2\u9488\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6837\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u96a7\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u6210\u50cf\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u6001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5145\u5f53\u7535\u6781\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d6e\u52a8\u7535\u6781\u68c0\u6d4b\u573a\u6548\u5e94\u8de8\u5bfc\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0cMP-STM\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u7535\u8f93\u8fd0\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e3a\u4e86\u514b\u670d\u53cc\u63a2\u9488\u6280\u672f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6837\u54c1-\u63a2\u9488\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u7535\u963b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458[3]<\/sup>\u91c7\u7528\u56db\u63a2\u9488\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u63a2\u9488\u63d0\u4f9b\u7535\u6d41\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u63a2\u9488\u6d4b\u91cf\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u63a5\u89e6\u7535\u963b\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u626b\u63cf\u96a7\u9053\u7535\u52bf\u6d4b\u5b9a\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5229\u7528STM\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u7f3a\u9677\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6563\u5c04\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8f93\u8fd0\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u63a2\u7d22[4]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u63a2\u7d22\u8868\u9762\u652f\u6491\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7f20\u7ed5\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1b\u63a2\u7d22\u8d85\u8584\u91cf\u5b50\u7ebf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u8f93\u8fd0\u6027\u80fd\u7684interwire\u8026\u5408\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b\u6d4b\u91cf\u94dc\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ebf\u4e2d\u7684\u6676\u754c\u7535\u963b\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bc4\u4f30\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u5668\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u8f93\u8fd0\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe1 \u56db\u63a2\u9488\u8f93\u8fd0\u6d4b\u91cf\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

b.\u521b\u9020\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6001<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528STM\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6c89\u79ef\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u57fa\u8d28\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5355\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u50cf\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5438\u9644\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u4e3aSTM\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u7eb5\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u9020\u4eba\u5de5\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u8868\u9762\u7535\u5b50\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u578b\u7535\u5b50\u6001\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u7eb5\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5177\u6709\u4eba\u5de5\u6676\u683c\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u4f8b\u5982Gomes\u7b49\u4eba[5]<\/sup>\u6210\u529f\u5236\u5907\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u94dc\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u7eb5\u5236\u5907\u800c\u6765\u7684\u7c7b\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7ed3\u6784\u6750\u6599\u3002\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u5bb9\u6613\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u6001\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5206\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u5f62\u6210\u4e09\u89d2\u6676\u683c\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u7535\u5b50\u5c31\u88ab\u7ea6\u675f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u8702\u5de2\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u5e26\u4ece\u7c7b\u81ea\u7531\u7535\u5b50\u76842DEG\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u7c7b\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u80fd\u5e26\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u7eb5\u6280\u672f\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u9610\u91ca\u6b64\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u6027\u6750\u6599\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e[6]<\/sup>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728Penrose\u62fc\u56fe\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u4e94\u91cd\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u51c6\u6676\u4f53\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u80fd\u5e26\u7406\u8bba\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e00\u51c6\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u5229\u7528STM\u6d4b\u91cfdI\/dV\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u4f4d\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u4e00\u7ea7\u9876\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe2 \u7531\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u88c5\u800c\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

c.\u63a7\u5236\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599.<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4f4e\u7ef4\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u50cf\u7a7a\u7a74\u548c\u63ba\u6742\u7b49\u539f\u5b50\u7f3a\u9677\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u9020\u6210\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u800cSTM\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u5bf9\u7f3a\u9677\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u63a7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6784\u5efa\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u8868\u9762\u7ed3\u5408\u53ef\u8c03\u7684\u63ba\u6742\u6548\u5e94\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u7eb5\u5e73\u53f0\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7a0d\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5229\u7528STM\u63a2\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5438\u9644\u7684\u94b4\u548c\u9499\u539f\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u88c5\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6742\u8d28\u7684\u9499\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u540e\u95e8\u7535\u538b\u7684STM\u9488\u5c16\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u5ea6p\u578b\u63ba\u6742\u6001\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4e0a\uff0c\u504f\u538b\u8109\u51b2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u7535\u573a\u7528\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u7684\u9499\u4e8c\u805a\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u6392\u65a5\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5e26\u7535\u63ba\u6742\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u63a7\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u504f\u538b\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u64cd\u63a7\u6280\u672f\uff0cSTM\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u64cd\u7eb5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5355\u5c42\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef-\u516d\u65b9\u6c2e\u5316\u787c\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u516d\u65b9\u6c2e\u5316\u787c\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u7535\u8377\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7STM\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5728\u504f\u538b\u8109\u51b2\u4e2d\u65bd\u52a0\u540e\u95e8\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u516d\u65b9\u6c2e\u5316\u787c\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u7535\u8377\u6001\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8c03\u63a7\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u63ba\u6742\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u63ba\u6742\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u9006\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee5\u5236\u5907\u9759\u6001\u7684p-n\u7ed3\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u70b9[7]<\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u78c1\u573a\u4e5f\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u91cf\u7535\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u8d1d\u91cc\u76f8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7535\u5b50\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5728\u53cc\u5c42\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u88abp-n\u7ed3\u675f\u7f1a\u7684\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a[8]<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u660e\uff0cSTM\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u5f02\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u80dc\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe3 STM\u8c03\u63a7\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5f02\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u7f3a\u9677\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

d.\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u53d1\u751f<\/p>\n

STM\u9664\u4e86\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u5f81\u548c\u64cd\u7eb5\u9762\u4e0a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u7ed3\u5408\u975e\u5f39\u6027\u7535\u5b50\u96a7\u7a7f\u8c31\uff08IET\uff09\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u7eb5\u3002\u7531\u4e8eIET\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u9644\u7269\u5f15\u53d1\u632f\u52a8\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u5b50\/\u5206\u5b50\u89e3\u5438\u9644\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6c\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u81ea\u4ece1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u624b\u672f\u201d\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fSTM\u5206\u5b50\u64cd\u63a7\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7STM\u9488\u5c16\u6ce8\u5c04\u5e26\u7535\u8f7d\u6d41\u5b50\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u539f\u4f4d\u64cd\u7eb5\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u201c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5230\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e26\u201d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u63a7\u754c\u9762\u7684\u5e26\u5185\u5f02\u8d28\u7ed3\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u51e0\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u5bbd\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e26\u7531DBBA\u5206\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b65\u9000\u706b\u6cd5\u5408\u6210\u800c\u6765\u3002\u5982\u56fe\u56db\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u9996\u5148\u5f62\u6210\u805a\u84bd\u94fe\uff0c\u968f\u540eSTM\u9488\u5c16\u901a\u8fc7\u504f\u538b\u8109\u51b2\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e6\u53d1\u805a\u5408\u7269\u94fe\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u8131\u6c22\u73af\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u5f62\u6210\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e26[9]<\/sup>\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f85\u52a9\u5236\u5907\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e26\u548c\u5f02\u8d28\u7ed3\u4ee5\u5916\uff0cSTM\u8fd8\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5668\u4ef6\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8f93\u8fd0\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u5149\u523b\u63a5\u89e6\u7535\u6781\u95f4\u7cbe\u786e\u653e\u7f6e\u5355\u6839\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e26\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d4b\u91cf\u5355\u6839\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e26\u7684\u8f93\u8fd0\u6027\u80fd\uff0cSTM\u7684\u9488\u5c16\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u6839\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e26\u6216\u8005\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u57fa\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u6865\u8fde\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e24\u70b9\u6d4b\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f[10]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe4 STM\u9488\u5c16\u534f\u52a9\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269-\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e26\u8f6c\u53d8<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

e.\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u56fe\u6848\u5316\u4f5c\u4e1a<\/p>\n

\u5728\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u8fdb\u884cSTM\u57fa\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u64cd\u7eb5\u65e9\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7845\u3001\u9517\u7684(001)\u9762\uff0c\u5176\u5728UHV\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5236\u5907\u5e26\u6709\u4e8c\u805a\u539f\u5b50\u5217\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u8868\u9762\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8c\u805a\u539f\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u975e\u9971\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u952e\uff08\u8868\u9762\u60ac\u7a7a\u952e\uff09\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u8868\u9762\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u8868\u9762\u60ac\u7a7a\u952e\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8868\u9762\u5438\u9644\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u4f7f\u5176\u949d\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5229\u7528\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u662f\u60ac\u7a7a\u952e\u9971\u548c\u5316\u3002\u800c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0cSTM\u9488\u5c16\u7684\u7535\u6d41-\u7535\u538b\u8109\u51b2\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u79fb\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8eSTM\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5149\u523b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u60ac\u7a7a\u952e\u57fa\u5668\u4ef6\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u70b9\u3002\u8fd1\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29\uff084.5K\uff09\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528STM\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u51c6\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6c22\u523b\u8680\u548c\u6c22\u518d\u949d\u5316\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7535\u538b\u8109\u51b2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u63a7\u523b\u8680\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u518d\u949d\u5316\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8f83\u5c0f\u504f\u538b\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u9488\u5c16\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cSTM\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\uff0c\u800c\u96a7\u7a7f\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u96a7\u7a7f\u7535\u6d41\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0e\u6c22\u518d\u949d\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u53f7\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u5668\u4ef6\u5236\u5907\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u7ea0\u9519\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u5236\u5907\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u76848\u6bd4\u7279\u548c192\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347[11]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe5 \u6c22\u949d\u5316\u7845\u7684\u8868\u9762\u51e0\u4f55<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3.\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n

[1] M. Eigler, E. K. Schweizer, Nature 1990, 344, 524.<\/p>\n

[2] Atomic-Scale Manipulation and In Situ Characterizationwith Scanning Tunneling\u00a0Microscopy.<\/p>\n

[3] P. Li, K. W. Clark,X. G. Zhang, A. P. Baddorf, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2013, 23,\u00a02509.<\/p>\n

[4] H. Ji, J. B. Hannon, R. M. Tromp, V. Perebeinos, J. Tersoff,F. M. Ross, Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 114.<\/p>\n

[5] K. Gomes, W. Mar, W. Ko, F. Guinea, H. C. Manoharan, Nature012, 483, 306.<\/p>\n

[6] C. Collins, T. G. Witte, R. Silverman, D. B. Green,K. K. Gomes, Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 15961.<\/p>\n

[7] Velasco, L. Ju, D. Wong, S. Kahn, J. Lee,H.-Z. Tsai, C. Germany, S. Wickenburg, J. Lu, T. Taniguchi,\u00a0K. Watanabe, A. Zettl, F. Wang, M. F. Crommie, Nano Lett. 2016,\u00a016, 1620.<\/p>\n

[8] Velasco, J. Lee, D. Wong, S. Kahn, H.-Z. Tsai, J. Costello,T. Umeda, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, A. Zettl, F. Wang,\u00a0M. F. Crommie, Nano Lett. 2018, 18,\u00a05104.<\/p>\n

[9] Ma, Z. Xiao, H. Zhang, L. Liang, J. Huang, W. Lu, B. G. Sumpter,K. Hong, J. Bernholc, A.-P. Li, Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 14815.<\/p>\n

[10] Koch, F. Ample, C. Joachim, L. Grill,Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 713.<\/p>\n

[11] Achal, M. Rashidi, J. Croshaw, D. Churchill, M. Taucer, T. Huff,M. Cloutier, J. Pitters, R. A. Wolkow, Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 2778.<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531nanoCJ\u4f9b\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5230\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u5ba3\u4f20\u79d1\u6280\u6210\u679c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u6295\u7a3f\u90ae\u7bb1: tougao@cailiaoren.com.<\/p>\n

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