{"id":193844,"date":"2020-01-10T06:26:57","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T22:26:57","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=193844"},"modified":"2020-01-09T18:27:10","modified_gmt":"2020-01-09T10:27:10","slug":"%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e5%9b%a0%e7%bc%ba%e9%99%b7%e8%80%8c%e4%ba%94%e5%bd%a9%e7%bc%a4%e7%ba%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=193844","title":{"rendered":"\u6750\u6599\u4e16\u754c\u56e0\u201c\u7f3a\u9677\u201d\u800c\u4e94\u5f69\u7f24\u7eb7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7535\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u7269\u7406\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u654f\u611f\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u6027\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6b63\u5982Frank\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u5982\u540c\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u7f3a\u9677\u800c\u6709\u8da3\uff08Materials are like 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\u4f9d\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\u7c7b\u578b<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193853 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/\u88681.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"563\" height=\"341\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/\u88681.png 563w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/\u88681-300x182.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1\u3001\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u5927\u5c0f\u76840\u7ef4\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u57281926\u5e74Frankel\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u79bb\u5b50\u6676\u4f53\u5bfc\u7535\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c1942\u5e74Seitg\u4e3a\u4e86\u9610\u660e\u6269\u6563\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c50\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u9014\u5f84\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\u70ed\u632f\u52a8\u3001\u51b7\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u8f90\u7167\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u79cd\u7c7b\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u4f4d\u3001\u95f4\u9699\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u7f6e\u6362\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u8272\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7a7a\u4f4d\u5bf9\u3001\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7fa4\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe3 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193854 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"336\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3-2.png 336w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3-2-300x263.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u6676\u4f53\u70b9\u9635\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u9635\u70b9\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u88ab\u53d6\u8d70\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aSchottky\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u70b9\u9635\u7578\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u7ea6\u534a\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\uff1b\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u91cf\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u7a7a\u4f4d\u5bb9\u6613\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u7a7a\u4f4d\u5bf9\uff08Vacancy Pair\u6216Divacancy\uff09\uff1b\u82e5\u4e09\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u65f6\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e09\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff08Trivacancy\uff09\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u56fe4\u6240\u793a\uff0c\uff08a\uff09\u4e2d\u4e09\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4f4d\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u90bb\u7684\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6700\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1b\u5f53\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7ed3\u5408\u65f6\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7fa4\uff0c\u5149\u5b66\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e0b\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5927\u7a7a\u5b54\u4e00\u822c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff08Void\uff09\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7fa4<sup>[5]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe4 \u00a0FCC\u4e2d\u4e09\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f<sup>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193855 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/4-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"729\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/4-2.png 729w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/4-2-300x107.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\uff08a\uff09\u76f4\u7ebf\u6392\u5217\uff1b\uff08b\uff09\u5e73\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\uff08c\uff09\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff08A\u677e\u5f1b\u5230\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9762\u5fc3\u7acb\u65b9\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u95f4\u9699\u539f\u5b50\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5904\u5728\u516b\u9762\u4f53\u95f4\u9699\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u548c\u522b\u7684\u95f4\u9699\u539f\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u5206\u7ec4\u6001\u6216\u8005\u73e0\u94fe\u7ec4\u6001\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5730\uff0c\u95f4\u9699\u539f\u5b50\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6676\u4f53\u70b9\u9635\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6392\u5217\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7578\u53d8\u6bd4\u7a7a\u4f4d\u5927\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\u5927\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u4f53\u79ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2\u3001\u4f4d\u9519\uff081\u7ef4\u7f3a\u9677\u3001\u7ebf\u7f3a\u9677\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f4d\u9519\u662f\u57281934\u5e74\u5206\u522b\u7531Taylor\u3001Orowan\u548cPolanyi\u4e09\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6676\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ec8\u6b62\u5728\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u754c\u9762\u548c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u5b50\u9519\u6392\u5ea6\u53ef\u7528\u4f2f\u6c0f\u77e2\u91cf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e14\u4e00\u6839\u4f4d\u9519\u7ebf\u53ea\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f2f\u6c0f\u77e2\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8c08\u5230\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0F.C. Frank\uff08\u56fe5\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5148\u540e\u5728\u4f4d\u9519\u3001\u6676\u4f53\u751f\u957f\u548c\u5730\u7403\u7269\u7406\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6770\u51fa\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u5728\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u904d\u5e03\u7740\u4f17\u591a\u4ee5\u4ed6\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Frank-Kasper\u914d\u4f4d\u591a\u9762\u4f53\u3001Frank-Read\u6e90\u3001Frank\u80fd\u91cf\u5224\u636e\u3001Frank-Bilby\u516c\u5f0f\u3001Frank\u67cf\u6c0f\u56de\u8def\u3001Frank-Nabarro\u56de\u8def\uff0cBurten-Cabrial-Frank\u6676\u4f53\u751f\u957f\u7684\u53f0\u9636\u6a21\u578b\u7b49<sup>[7]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe5 \u00a0F.C. Frank<sup>[7]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193856 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/5-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"468\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/5-1.png 468w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/5-1-300x231.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u5203\u578b\u4f4d\u9519\u3001\u87ba\u578b\u4f4d\u9519\u548c\u6df7\u5408\u4f4d\u9519\u4e09\u79cd\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u840c\u751f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4f4d\u9519\u672c\u6765\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7c7d\u6676\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5bfc\u81f4\u6676\u4f53\u751f\u957f\u7684\u58c1\u9762\u4e2d\uff1b\u4e00\u662f\u65b0\u6676\u6838\u6210\u957f\u65f6\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\u751f\u6838\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6742\u5fd7\u9897\u7c92\u7b49\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5185\u5e94\u529b\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u751f\u6838\u3001\u6210\u957f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u3001\u7a7a\u4f4d\u574d\u584c\u9020\u6210\u4f4d\u9519\u73af\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u589e\u6b96\u673a\u5236\u6709\uff1a\u6ed1\u79fb\u589e\u6b96\u3001\u6781\u8f74\u673a\u5236\u3001\u4f4d\u9519\u6500\u79fb\u548c\u4ea4\u6ed1\u79fb\u673a\u5236\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4f4d\u9519\u4f2f\u6c0f\u77e2\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f4d\u9519\uff08Unit dislocations\uff0c\u6216\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\uff0cPerfect dislocations\uff09\u548c\u4e0d\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\uff08Partial dislocations\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9762\u5fc3\u7acb\u65b9\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\uff0cFrank\u4f4d\u9519\uff08\u4f2f\u6c0f\u77e2\u91cf\u4e3a1\/3&lt;111&gt;\uff09\u548cShockley\u4f4d\u9519\uff08\u4f2f\u6c0f\u77e2\u91cf\u4e3a1\/6&lt;112&gt;\uff09\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5c42\u9519\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cFrank\u4f4d\u9519\u6cbf\u7740&lt;111&gt;\u65b9\u5411\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u8005\u62bd\u51fa\u4e00\u5c42\u539f\u5b50\u9762\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u5c42\u9519\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53ea\u80fd\u6500\u79fb\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ed1\u79fb\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5f62\u6210\u5982\u56fe6\u6240\u793a\u3002\u91d1\u5c5e\u53d7\u8f90\u7167\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u6216\u8005\u574d\u584c\u53ef\u5f62\u6210Frank\u4f4d\u9519\uff1b Schockley\u4e0d\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5203\u578b\u7684\u3001\u87ba\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4f4d\u9519\u7ebf\u548c\u4f2f\u6c0f\u77e2\u91cf\u90fd\u5728\u6ed1\u79fb\u9762\uff08111\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ed1\u79fb\u7684\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5c42\u9519\u662f\u6cbf\u7740&lt;112&gt;\u5207\u52a8\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6500\u79fb\u7684\u4e0d\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe6 Frank\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5f62\u6210<sup>[7]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193858 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/6-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"740\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/6-1.png 740w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/6-1-300x107.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4f4d\u9519\u4e0e\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u6709\uff1a\u5f39\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u6a21\u91cf\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u5c42\u9519\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u7535\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u77ed\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u957f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f39\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6eb6\u8d28\u539f\u5b50\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u548c\u5203\u578b\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u6a21\u91cf\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7531\u5f39\u6027\u6a21\u91cf\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u4f4d\u9519\u8fd0\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u56fe7\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5f39\u6027\u548c\u6a21\u91cf\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u57280.5-0.6T<sub>m<\/sub>\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5316\u6548\u679c\uff1b\u5c42\u9519\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6eb6\u8d28\u539f\u5b50\u62e9\u4f18\u504f\u805a\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u504f\u4f4d\u9519\u5bf9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5c42\u9519\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5c42\u9519\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u662f\u77ed\u7a0b\u6027\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5bf9\u6d41\u53d8\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\uff1b\u5f53\u6eb6\u8d28\u4e0e\u57fa\u4f53\u9519\u914d\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u6eb6\u8d28\u4e0e\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4ef7\u76f8\u5dee2~3\u65f6\uff0c\u7535\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe7 \u5f62\u53d8\u793a\u610f\u56fe<sup>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193857 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"664\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/7.png 664w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/7-300x196.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 664px) 100vw, 664px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>3\u3001\u9762\u7f3a\u9677<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9762\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u539a\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u6676\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u5dee\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9762\u7f3a\u9677\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u5c42\u9519\u3001\u5b6a\u6676\u3001\u6676\u754c\u548c\u76f8\u754c\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u56fe8\u30019\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u4e24\u6676\u7c92\u7684\u4f4d\u5411\u5dee\u5c0f\u4e8e10\u00b0\u7684\u6676\u754c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u89d2\u5ea6\u6676\u754c\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u503e\u659c\u6676\u754c\u548c\u626d\u8f6c\u6676\u754c\uff1b\u5f53\u4f4d\u5411\u5dee\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u5f52\u4e3a\u5927\u89d2\u5ea6\u6676\u754c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528Brandon\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u91cd\u5408\u4f4d\u7f6e\u70b9\u9635\uff08CSL\uff0cCoincidence Site Lattice\uff09\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u5c42\u539a\u7684\u201c\u5339\u914d-\u9519\u914d\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6676\u754c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u5e73\u9762\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u65cb\u9519\u6a21\u578b\u548cO\u70b9\u9635\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\uff1b\u82e5\u76f8\u90bb\u6676\u7c92\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f4d\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4e14\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6210\u5206\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9762\u79f0\u4e3a\u76f8\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u6392\u5217\u60c5\u5f62\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5171\u683c\u76f8\u754c\u9762\u3001\u534a\u5171\u683c\u76f8\u754c\u9762\u548c\u975e\u5171\u683c\u76f8\u754c\u9762\u4e09\u79cd\uff1b\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u5c42\u9519\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5f15\u8d77\u70b9\u9635\u7578\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u5468\u671f\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe8 \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u6676\u754c\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff08Scientific American, Sept. 1967\uff09<sup>[6]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193859 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"424\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/8.png 424w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/8-278x300.png 278w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe9 \u5c42\u9519\u3001\u5b6a\u6676\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193860 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/9-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"471\" height=\"148\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/9-1.png 471w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/9-1-300x94.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193861 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/9-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"310\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/9-2.png 310w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/9-2-300x161.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u4e09\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u672f\u5728\u56fa\u4f53\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u81f4\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa50~60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8584\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u886c\u89c2\u6d4b\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u6781\u8584\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7ed3\u6784\u50cf\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u50cf\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f80\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5bf8\u533a\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u675f\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u672f\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u5b66\u3001\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u5b66\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u5b66<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1\u3001\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u884d\u5c04\u8c31\u548c\u884d\u886c\u50cf\u539f\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7269\u8d28\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u6210\u50cf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9009\u62e9\u884d\u5c04\u675f\uff08\u900f\u5c04\u675f\u89c6\u4e3a\u96f6\u7ea7\u884d\u5c04\u675f\uff09\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec6\u8282\u88ab\u63ed\u9732\u5f97\u6108\u771f\u5b9e\u3002\u884d\u5c04\u8c31\u548c\u884d\u886c\u50cf\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u53d8\u6362\u548c\u9006\u53d8\u6362\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u6210\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u884d\u5c04\u8c31\u5206\u6790\u6df1\u5165\u7269\u8d28\u5185\u90e8\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u56fe10\u4e3a\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u632f\u5e45\u548c\u76f8\u4f4d\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u886c\u5ea6\u83b7\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe10 \u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u886c\u5ea6\u83b7\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08a\u632f\u5e45\u3001b\u76f8\u4f4d\uff09<sup>[8]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-193862\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/10.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"526\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/10.png 890w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/10-300x232.png 300w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/10-768x594.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d89\u53ca\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u754c\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u754c\u9762\u7f3a\u9677\u53ca\u5176\u8fd0\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6750\u6599\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u8868\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u7814\u7a76\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u9ad8\u538b\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e2d\u8f83\u539a\u8bd5\u6837\u4e2d\u6676\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\uff084\uff09\u5f31\u675f\u6697\u573a\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u89c2\u5bdf\u6676\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e38\u89c4\u884d\u886c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u884d\u886c\u6210\u50cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u8bd5\u6837\u539a\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u8f83\u5bbd\uff0c\u53ef\u5141\u8bb8\u8bd5\u6837\u539a\u5ea6\u5728300nm\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bd5\u6837\u53d6\u5411\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5236\u6837\u6280\u672f\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u56fe\u50cf\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u50cf\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5176\u7ec6\u8282\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u7eb3\u7c73\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5f31\u675f\u6697\u573a\u50cf\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b2nm\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7f3a\u9677\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7f3a\u9677\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u7578\u53d8\u573a\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u886c\u5ea6\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2\u3001\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe11 \u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u6210\u50cf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5149\u8def\u793a\u610f\u56fe<sup>[8]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193863 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/11.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"634\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/11.png 634w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/11-300x233.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 634px) 100vw, 634px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u884d\u5c04\u65e2\u662f\u884d\u886c\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ece\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u7684\u884d\u886c\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7ea7\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u5728\u6676\u4f53\u6781\u8584\uff08&lt;10nm\uff09\u6563\u5c04\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6210\u50cf\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6676\u4f53\u52bf\u573a\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u524d\u8fdb\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6295\u5f71\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6295\u5f71\u4e2d\u5c0f\u81f30.1nm\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u50cf\u663e\u793a\u5f00\u9614\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5b9c\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7f3a\u9677\u53ca\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6676\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4f4d\u3001\u5c42\u9519\u3001\u7574\u754c\u9762\u548c\u8868\u9762\u5904\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6001\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u6790\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u5b66\uff08Analytical Electron Microscopy\uff09\u662f\u9610\u8ff0\u4ee5X\u5c04\u7ebf\u80fd\u8c31\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u635f\u5931\u8c31\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u533a\u57df\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u5fae\u675f\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u6563\u5c04\u662f\u884d\u5c04\u4e0e\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f39\u6027\u6563\u5c04\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5219\u662f\u5fae\u533a\u57df\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u635f\u5931\u8c31\uff08Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy\uff0cEELS\/ELS\uff09\u3001X\u5c04\u7ebf\u80fd\uff08\u91cf\u8272\u6563\uff09\u8c31\uff08Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy\uff0cEDS\uff09\u53ca\u4fc4\u6b47\u7535\u5b50\uff08\u80fd\u91cf\uff09\u8c31\uff08Auger Electron Spectroscopy\uff0cAES\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u975e\u5f39\u6027\u6563\u5c04\u7535\u79bb\u622a\u9762\u6bd4\u5f39\u6027\u6563\u5c04\u7535\u79bb\u622a\u9762\u5c0f4\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5f31\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5fae\u533a\u57df\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4e5f\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p>X\u5c04\u7ebf\u80fd\u8c31\u5cf0\u7684\u534a\u9ad8\u5bbd\u662f150eV\uff0c\u800c\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u635f\u5931\u8c31\u4ec5\u4e3a1~2eV\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u635f\u5931\u8c31\u7684\u5cf0\u79fb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u952e\u5408\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5438\u6536\u8fb9\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3aEXAFS\u548cEXELFS\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u6709\u5173\u8fd1\u90bb\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46EXAFS\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3aX\u5c04\u7ebf\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u771f\u7a7a\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u91cf\u57284keV\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5438\u6536\u8c31\uff0c\u800cEXELFS\u5728\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u4e2d\u5c31\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u533a\u57df\u5c0f\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u8f7b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b1eV\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f1a\u805a\u675f\u884d\u5c04\uff08Covergent Beam Electron Diffraction\uff0cCBED\u6216CBD\uff09\u662f\u7528\u78c1\u900f\u5c04\u955c\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u805a\u96c6\u5230\u5f88\u5c0f\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u8bd5\u6837\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u53d1\u6563\u89d2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u884d\u5c04\u5e26\u6709\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u6676\u4f53\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3001\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7fa4\u3001\u6d4b\u5b9a\u6676\u4f53\u4e0e\u51c6\u6676\u4e2d\u4f4d\u9519\u5e03\u6c0f\u77e2\u91cf\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bd5\u6837\u4e2d\u5f39\u6027\u6563\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6563\u5c04\u89d2\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f39\u6027\u6563\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u5219\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6563\u5c04\u89d2\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u82e5\u5c06\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u7784\u51c6\u5728\u9ad8\u89d2\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6563\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u907f\u5f00\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u5f97\u5230\u6697\u573a\u50cf\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u626b\u63cf\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08STEM\uff09\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u6697\u573a\u7684STEM\u50cf\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u63a2\u6d4b\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5c06\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4e2d\u7a7a\u7684\u73af\u5f62\uff08annular\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6210\u50cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u89d2\u5ea6\u6563\u5c04\u6697\u573aSTEM\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u9ad8\u89d2\u5ea6\u73af\u5f62\u6697\u573a\uff08High Angle Annular Dark Field\uff0c HAADF\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u539f\u7406\u5982\u56fe12\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe12 HAADF\u65b9\u6cd5\u793a\u610f\u56fe<sup>[8]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193864 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/12.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/12.png 550w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/12-292x300.png 292w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u80cc\u6563\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\uff08EBSD\uff0cElectron Backscatter Diffraction\uff09\u662f\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u975e\u5f39\u6027\u6563\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u6210\u529f\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u6750\u6599\u5fae\u533a\u57df\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\uff1a\u53d6\u5411\u6210\u50cf\u663e\u5fae\u5b66\u3001\u6750\u6599\u7ec7\u6784\u5b9a\u91cf\u5feb\u901f\u6d4b\u5b9a\u3001\u88c2\u7eb9\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5b6a\u6676\u754c\u548c\u76f8\u754c\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3001Taylor\u56e0\u5b50\u6210\u50cf\u3001\u56de\u590d\u4e0e\u518d\u7ed3\u6676\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728EBSD\u540e\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d6\u5411\u6210\u50cf\u663e\u5fae\u672f\uff08Orientation Imaging Microscopy\uff0cOIM\uff09\u4ee5\u529f\u80fd\u72ec\u7279\u65b0\u9896\u3001\u6f5c\u529b\u5de8\u5927\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u53d7\u5230\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7269\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u5b83\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5229\u7528\u8bd5\u6837\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u53d6\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u5dee\u5f02\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e00\u53d6\u5411\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\u7070\u5ea6\uff0c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7070\u5ea6\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u989c\u8272\u8868\u793a\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u53d6\u5411\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u56db\u3001\u6676\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\u8c03\u63a7\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6676\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\u8c03\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u5668\u4ef6\u7269\u7406\u3001\u6709\u673a\u5149\u5b66\u6750\u6599\u3001\u5149\u7535\u529f\u80fd\u5668\u4ef6\u3001\u94c1\u6027\u667a\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u3001\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4e30\u7855\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u91d1\u5c5e\u6240\u738b\u6653\u8f89\u7b49\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0Nb<sub>4<\/sub>AlC<sub>3\u2012x<\/sub>\u4e2d\u78b3\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u5347\u9ad8\u800c\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5e8f-\u65e0\u5e8f\u76f8\u53d8\u8f6c\u5316\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u7574\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7574\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u78b3\u5316\u7269\u7684\u7535\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53d8\u5f62\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\uff0c\u56fe13\u4e3a\u9519\u914d\u89d2\u5206\u5e03\u3001EBSD\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u7574\u754c\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u56fe\u50cf<sup>[9]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe13 \u9519\u914d\u89d2\u5206\u5e03\u3001EBSD\u548c\u6709\u5e8f-\u65e0\u5e8f\u7574\u754c<sup>[9]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-193865 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/13.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/13.png 936w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/13-300x202.png 300w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/13-768x518.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u9ed1\u8272\u886c\u5ea6\u662fNb<sub>4<\/sub>AlC<sub>3\u2012x<\/sub>\uff0c\u4eae\u8272\u533a\u57df\u4e3aNb<sub>4<\/sub>AlC<sub>8<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>\u9999\u6e2f\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u7684Dai\u7b49\u4eba\u91c7\u7528Peierls-Nabarro\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u4e86Al\u3001Cu\u3001Ni\u7b49\u9762\u5fc3\u7acb\u65b9\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\uff08111\uff09\u5b6a\u6676\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u968f\u7740\u89d2\u5ea6\uff08twist angle\uff09\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u5806\u579b\u5c42\u9519\u80fd\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u6676\u754c\u533a\u57df\u7531\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5305\u542b\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u516d\u8fb9\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4e0d\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u56fe14\u6240\u793a<sup>[10]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 14 \u4e09\u79cd\u9762\u5fc3\u7acb\u65b9\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\uff08111\uff09\u754c\u9762\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784<sup>[10]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193866 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/14.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"651\" height=\"708\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/14.png 651w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/14-276x300.png 276w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e1c\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684E. Tochigi\u7b49\u4eba\u5229\u7528TEM\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86Al (\u03b1-Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>)\u53cc\u6676\u7684\u6676\u754c\u5f62\u8c8c\u548c\u4f4d\u9519\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u56fe15\u6240\u793a\uff0c<strong><em><b><i>b<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><sub>1<\/sub>\u3001<strong><em><b><i>b<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><sub>2<\/sub>\u3001<strong><em><b><i>b<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><sub>3<\/sub>\u5206\u522b\u4e3a1\/3 [1 2(\u2014)\u00a01 0]\u30011\/3 [1(\u2014)\u00a01(\u2014)\u00a02 0]\u548c1\/3 [2 1(\u2014)\u00a01(\u2014)\u00a00]\u7684Burgers\u77e2\u91cf\uff0c<strong><em><b><i>b<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><sub>1<\/sub>\u2192<strong><em><b><i>b<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><sub>2<\/sub>+<strong><em><b><i>b<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><sub>3<\/sub>\uff0c<strong><em><b><i>b<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><sub>2<\/sub>+<strong><em><b><i>b<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><sub>3<\/sub>\u2192<strong><em><b><i>b<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><sub>1<\/sub>\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e1\/3 &lt;1 2(\u2014)\u00a01 0&gt;\u87ba\u578b\u4f4d\u9519\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u800c1\/3 &lt;1 2(\u2014)\u00a01 0&gt;\u5203\u578b\u4f4d\u9519\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a1\/3 &lt;1 1(\u2014)\u00a00 0&gt;\u548c1\/3 &lt;0 1(\u2014)\u00a01 0&gt;\u4e0d\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5168\u87ba\u578b\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5dee\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u53d8\u5f62\u94dd\u5408\u91d1\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u87ba\u578b\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe15 \u516d\u8fb9\u5f62\u87ba\u578b\u4f4d\u9519\u7f51\u7edc\u7684Burgers\u77e2\u91cf\u793a\u610f\u56fe<sup>[11]<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-193867 aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/15.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"357\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/15.png 357w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/15-300x182.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6676\u754c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u57fa\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5939\u89d2\uff0c\u5728\u6676\u4f53\u751f\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u6548\u7684\u677e\u5f1b\u800c\u6b8b\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684<sup>[11]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] Cizek. Characterization of Lattice Defects in Metallic Materials by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy: A Review [J], Journal of Materials Science &amp; Technology 34 (2018) 577-598<\/p>\n<p>[2] \u51af\u7aef\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55[J]\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c1979,28\uff082\uff09\uff1a141-149<\/p>\n<p>[3] Vitek. Atomic Level Computer Modelling of Crystal Defects with Emphasis on Dislocations: Past, Present and Future [J], Progress in Materials Science 56 (2011) 577-585<\/p>\n<p>[4] Peter Rudolph. Fundamentals and Engineering of Defects [J], Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials 62 (2016) 89-110<\/p>\n<p>[5] \u9648\u7ee7\u52e4\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\uff0cISBN:7-308-00947-5<\/p>\n<p>[6] Hull, D.J. Bacon. Introduction to Dislocations [B], fifth edition, 2011<\/p>\n<p>[7] \u6768\u5e73\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u5170\u514b[J]\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e16\u754c\uff081986-2017\uff09\uff0c2017,3:1-8<\/p>\n<p>[8] \u9ec4\u5b5d\u745b\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u5b66\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u51b6\u91d1\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\uff0cISBN: 7-5024-4245-6<\/p>\n<p>[9] Zhang Hui, Wang Xiaohui, et al. Crystal Defects in MAX Phases: The Status and Future Directions [J], Advanced Ceramics, 2019, 40 (3): 150-174<\/p>\n<p>[10] Shuyang Dai, Yang Xiang, David J. Srolovitz. Structure and Energy of (111) Low-angle Twist Boundaries in Al, Cu and Ni [J], Acta Materialia 61 (2013) 1327-1337<\/p>\n<p>[11] Tochigi, Y. Kezuka, N. Shibata, et al. Structure of Screw Dislocations in a (0001)\/[0001] Low-angle Twist Grain Boundary of Alumina (\u03b1-Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>) [J], Acta Materialia 60 (2012) 1293-1299<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7531<strong>\u80e1\u51e1<\/strong>\u4f9b\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5230\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u5ba3\u4f20\u79d1\u6280\u6210\u679c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u6295\u7a3f\u90ae\u7bb1: tougao@cailiaoren.com.<\/p>\n<p>\u6295\u7a3f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5bb9\u5408\u4f5c\u53ef\u52a0\u7f16\u8f91\u5fae\u4fe1\uff1acailiaorenVIP.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7535\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u7269\u7406\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u654f\u611f\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u6027\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6b63\u5982Frank\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u5982\u540c\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u7f3a\u9677\u800c\u6709\u8da3&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10213,"featured_media":193842,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1187],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-193844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zhuanlan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193844"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/10213"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=193844"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193844\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":194202,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193844\/revisions\/194202"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/193842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=193844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=193844"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=193844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}