{"id":189596,"date":"2019-11-15T06:30:48","date_gmt":"2019-11-14T22:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=189596"},"modified":"2019-11-14T18:11:30","modified_gmt":"2019-11-14T10:11:30","slug":"%e4%b8%80%e7%af%87science%e6%bf%80%e8%b5%b7%e7%9a%84%e6%b5%aa%e6%bd%ae%ef%bc%9a%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8%e6%a2%af%e5%ba%a6%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e6%8f%90%e9%ab%98%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=189596","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u7bc7Science\u6fc0\u8d77\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u9ad8\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7531\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u4f4d\u9519\u8d2e\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4f7f\u6750\u6599\u5728\u53d8\u5f62\u65f6\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u52a0\u5de5\u786c\u5316\u800c\u8fc7\u65e9\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u9888\u7f29\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u62c9\u4f38\u8106\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6750\u6599\u52a0\u5de5\u786c\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6d88\u9664\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7c92\u4e2d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5e94\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7c97\u6676\u57fa\u4f53\u4e0a\u8986\u76d6\u4e00\u5c42\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5219\u7531\u8fc7\u6e21\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u586b\u5145\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4f18\u5f02\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\u7531\u7c97\u5927\u6676\u7c92\u8d2e\u5b58\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\uff0c\u800c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7c92\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u76f8\u201d\u6765\u5f3a\u5316\u6750\u6599\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u5de5\u827a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u6750\u6599\u5236\u5907\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u57282011\u5e74\uff0c\u6c88\u9633\u91d1\u5c5e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5362\u67ef\u9662\u58eb\u6210\u529f\u5236\u5907\u4e86\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5eCu\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d85\u5f3a\u7684\u62c9\u4f38\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6210\u679c\u53d1\u5728\u4e86Science\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u3002\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u70ed\u8bae\u5982\u6f6e\uff0c\u300aNature\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u751a\u81f3\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201c\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6210\u679c\u201d\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u68af\u5ea6\u6750\u6599\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002Now\uff01\u7b14\u8005\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u68b3\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u4e00\u6d41\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u68af\u5ea6\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

1\uff09High tensile ductility in a nanostructured metal. Wang YM, Chen MW, Zhou FH, Ma E. \u00a0Nature 2002;419;912-15.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u57282002\u5e74\uff0cJohns Hopkins\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Yinmin Wang\u7b49\u4eba\u5c31\u5728\u94dd\u5408\u91d1\u4e2d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u53cc\u5cf0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5c0f\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7c92\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u6216\u8d85\u7ec6\u6676\u63d0\u4f9b\u50a8\u5b58\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5f3a\u5ea6-\u5851\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u542f\u8499\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u53cc\u5cf0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u673a\u5236\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5851\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u727a\u7272\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ecd\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u5f3a\u5ea6-\u5851\/\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\u6bd4\u8f83\u5de7\u5999\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u5f15\u5165\u8f83\u5927\u6676\u7c92\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u201c\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u957f\u8865\u77ed\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u957f\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

Figure 1 \u53cc\u5cf0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n

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2\uff09Revealing Extraordinary Intrinsic Tensile Plasticity in Gradient Nano-Grained Copper\uff1bT. H. Fang,\u00a0W. L. Li,\u00a0\u00a0N. R. Tao, K. Lu. Science 2011.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3a\u5362\u67ef\u7ec4\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u62a5\u9053\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5728\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u6ed1\u79fb\u88ab\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u6676\u754c\u8fc1\u79fb\u548c\u6269\u6563\u8815\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u4e0d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u6ee1\u8db3\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u6291\u5236\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5e94\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b83\u7684\u5851\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u8868\u9762\u7814\u78e8\u6280\u672f\u6210\u529f\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u94dc\uff0c\u5176\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7c92\u88ab\u7c97\u6676\u6240\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5219\u4e3a\u8fc7\u6e21\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u62c9\u4f38\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u94dc\u5c55\u793a\u4e8610\u500d\u4e8e\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u7684\u62c9\u4f38\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5851\u6027\u5e76\u672a\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e14\u7ef4\u6301\u62c9\u4f38\u771f\u5e94\u53d8\u8d85\u8fc7100%\u800c\u65e0\u88c2\u7eb9\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7TEM\u7b49\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6676\u754c\u8fc1\u79fb\u4f34\u968f\u6676\u7c92\u957f\u5927\u662f\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u94dc\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\u3002Figure 2 \u8868\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u62c9\u4f38\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u68af\u5ea6NG\u7ed3\u6784\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u5851\u6027\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u5757\u4f53\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u4e00\u7ecf\u53d1\u8868\u5c31\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u70ed\u8bae\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u5de5\u827a\u4e2d\u5f88\u96be\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u8ddf\u98ce\u505a\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd2015\u5e74\u6750\u6599\u5b66\u4f1a\u79cb\u5b63\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f1a\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u7814\u8ba8\u201c\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u6750\u6599\u201d\u7684\u5206\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

Figure 2<\/p>\n

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A \u62c9\u4f38\u8bd5\u6837\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff1bB\u548cC\u62c9\u4f38\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6697\u84dd\u8272\u4e3a\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c42\uff0c\u84dd\u8272\u4e3a\u7c97\u6676\u53d8\u5f62\u5c42\uff0c\u9752\u84dd\u8272\u4e3a\u7c97\u6676\u57fa\u4f53\u5c42\uff1bD\u4e3a\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u7684SEM\u7167\u7247\uff1bE\u4e3a\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u7684\u900f\u5c04\u660e\u573a\u50cf\uff1bF\u8868\u5c425-mm\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e2dTEM\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6a2a\u5411\u7c92\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\uff1bG\u5e73\u5747\u6676\u7c92\u5927\u5c0f\u968f\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u4e3a\u7c89\u7ebf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u56fe\uff09\uff1bA\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u548c\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u94dc\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u62c9\u4f38\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e94\u529b-\u5e94\u53d8\u66f2\u7ebf\uff1bB\uff1a\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u548c\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u94dc\u62c9\u4f38\u524d\u540e\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u8868\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n

3\uff09Lu, K. Making strong nanomaterials ductile\u00a0with gradients. Science 345, 1455\u20131456 (2014).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u5362\u67ef\u9662\u58eb\u53d7\u300aScience\u300b\u671f\u520a\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u57282014\u5e74\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e86\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u5ba4\u6e29\u8106\u6027\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5229\u7528\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u589e\u5f3a\u589e\u97e7\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff08\u5982\u56fefigure 2\uff09\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u590d\u4e00\u4e00\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u9605\u8be5\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n

Figure 3<\/p>\n

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\u91d1\u5c5e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u5176\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u7c97\u6676\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5747\u8d28\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u6216\u7ec6\u5316\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7c92\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201cbanana-shaped\u201d\u66f2\u7ebf(\u84dd\u7ebf)\u3002\u7c97\u7c92\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u7c92\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6df7\u5408\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6-\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u63a3\u8098\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6-\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u5347\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92(GNG)\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff08\u7ea2\u7ebf\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

4\uff09Wei, Y. et al. Evading the strength\u2013ductility trade-off dilemma in steel through gradient hierarchical nanotwins. Nat. Commun. 5, 3580 (2014).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7ee7\u5362\u67ef\u9662\u58eb\u5728\u300aScience\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u529b\u5b66\u6240\u9b4f\u7389\u6770\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u9ad8\u9530\u94a2\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f3a\u5851\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u63a3\u8098\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u626d\u8f6c\u9ad8\u731b\u5b6a\u751f\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5851\u6027\u94a2\uff08TWIP\u94a2\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5f84\u5411\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u62c9\u4f38\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d4b\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u94a2\u7684\u5c48\u670d\u5f3a\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8fd12\u500d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5851\u6027\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u964d\u4f4e\uff08\u89c1figure 4\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u5851\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u63a3\u8098\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6253\u7834\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u626d\u8f6c\u540e\u62c9\u4f38\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u5b6a\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u6676\u4f53\u5851\u5f62\u6709\u9650\u5143\u6a21\u62df\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u641e\u6e05\u4e86\u68af\u5ea6\u5b6a\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u6253\u7834\u5f3a\u5851\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u63a3\u8098\u7684\u673a\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u626d\u8f6c\u548c\u62c9\u4f38\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u52a8\u5b6a\u6676\u7cfb\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8be5\u6210\u679c\u6210\u529f\u628a\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u94a2\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u666e\u904d\u5e94\u7528\u4e14\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u542f\u793a\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

Figure 4\u00a0FeMnC TWIP\u94a2\u901a\u8fc7\u626d\u8f6c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f3a\u5316<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

a \u7528\u56db\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u626d\u8f6c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u8bd5\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u626d\u8f6c\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff1bb \u786c\u5ea6\u5728\u5f84\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1bc \u9884\u626d\u8bd5\u6837\u7684\u5e94\u529b-\u5e94\u53d8\u66f2\u7ebf\uff1bd \u786c\u5316\u6a21\u91cf-\u5e94\u53d8\u5173\u7cfb\u66f2\u7ebf<\/p>\n

5\uff09Yang, L, Tao, N. R., Lu, K. & Lu, L. Enhanced fatigue resistance of Cu with a gradient nanograined surface layer. Scr. Mater. 68, 801\u2013804 (2013).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u867d\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u786c\u5ea6\u3001\u526a\u5207\u6297\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6750\u6599\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5851\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u75b2\u52b3\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5362\u67ef\u9662\u58eb\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7eb3\u7c73\u68af\u5ea6\u94dc\u7684\u62c9\u4f38\u6027\u80fd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5176\u75b2\u52b3\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u7eb3\u7c73\u68af\u5ea6\u94dc\u4e0e\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u75b2\u52b3\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u75b2\u52b3\u5bff\u547d\u90fd\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u75b2\u52b3\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u4e3b\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5c42\u3002\u5fae\u89c2\u8868\u5f81\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u5f62\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u7c97\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c97\u5316\u4ece\u8868\u5c42\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f00\u59cb,\u5e76\u6cbf\u8868\u5c42\u768445\u00b0\u65b9\u5411\u751f\u957f\u81f3\u9876\u90e8\u8868\u5c42\uff0c\u9876\u90e8\u8868\u5c42\u6b63\u662f\u75b2\u52b3\u88c2\u7eb9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u518d\u7ed3\u6676\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

Figure 5<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0a\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u68af\u5ea6\u94dc\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u7167\u7247\uff1bb a\u56fe\u4e2db\uff0cc\uff0cd\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684TEM\u660e\u573a\u50cf\uff0c\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u75b2\u52b3\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff08\u7c89\u7ebf\u4e0a\u56fe\uff09\uff1b\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u548c\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u94dc\u7684\u75b2\u52b3\u5bff\u547d(Nf)\u4e0e\u5faa\u73af\u6700\u5927\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u7c89\u7ebf\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

6\uff09 Wu, X, Jiang, P, Chen, L., Yuan, F. & Zhu, Y. T. Extraordinary strain hardening by gradient structure. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 7197\u20137201 (2014).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4e86\u5176\u7269\u7406\u548c\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u529b\u5b66\u6240XiaoLei Wu\u7b49\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u8868\u9762\u673a\u68b0\u6469\u64e6\u5904\u7406\u5728\u65e0\u7f1d\u94a2\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\u4e3a\u4e24\u5243\u5ea6\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u5939\u7740\u4e00\u5c42\u7c97\u6676\uff0c\u68af\u5ea6\u5c42\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u4ece0.5\u03bcm\u52301\u03bcm\u9010\u6e10\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u80de\u548c\u4e9a\u6676\u5c0f\u4e8e100nm\uff0c\u68af\u5ea6\u5c42\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u539a\u5ea6\u4e3a120\u03bcm\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u8f74\u62c9\u4f38\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u68af\u5ea6\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u786c\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u6750\u6599\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5851\u6027\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u5355\u8f74\u62c9\u4f38\u4e0b\uff0c\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf1\u53d1\u5e94\u53d8\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u628a\u5355\u8f74\u5e94\u529b\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u591a\u8f74\u5e94\u529b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6cbf\u7740\u68af\u5ea6\u6df1\u5ea6\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6676\u7c92\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u53d8\u5f62\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u5206\u6d41\u4e86\u5355\u8f74\u5e94\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6676\u7c92\u5185\u90e8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4f4d\u9519\u7d2f\u79ef\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5e94\u53d8\u786c\u5316\u548c\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5e94\u53d8\u786c\u5316\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u5e94\u53d8\u786c\u5316\u662f\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u56fa\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5747\u5300\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u975e\u5747\u5300\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u5f3a\u97e7\u6027\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

Figure 6\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A\u5e73\u5747\u7c92\u5f84\u968f\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1ba \u5de5\u7a0b\u62c9\u4f38\u5e94\u529b-\u5e94\u53d8\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u4e3a\u771f\u5e94\u53d8-\u52a0\u5de5\u786c\u5316\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n

7\uff09 Fang, T. H., Tao, N. R. & Lu, K. Tension-induced softening and hardening in gradient nanograined surface layer in copper. Scr. Mater. 77, 17\u201320 (2014).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6587\u662f\u5362\u67ef\u9662\u58eb\u7ec4\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u94dc\u7684\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u8bba\u6587,\u901a\u8fc7\u8868\u9762\u6469\u64e6\u5904\u7406,\u6210\u529f\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u6837\u54c1,\u5176\u6676\u7c92\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u768420nm\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u957f\u81f3\u5398\u7c73\u7ea7.\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4,\u7531\u4e8e\u6676\u754c\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u6548\u5e94,\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7c92\u5728\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7c97\u5316,\u968f\u7740\u6676\u7c92\u957f\u5927,\u7c97\u5316\u6548\u5e94\u9010\u6e10\u505c\u6b62.\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a,\u5728\u7c97\u5927\u6676\u7c92\u6750\u6599\u4e2d,\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7ec6\u5316\u6676\u7c92\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5.\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5362\u67ef\u7ec4\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u62c9\u4f38\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7TEM\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86165nm\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u5728\u62c9\u4f38\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7c97\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u62c9\u4f38\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4e86\u8f6f\u5316\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5927\u4e8e165nm\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8bf1\u53d1\u786c\u5316\u3002\u5728\u79bb\u8868\u976290\u03bcm\u6df1\u5ea6\u5904\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u6052\u5b9a\u786c\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f4d\u9519\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6052\u5b9a\u4e14\u5e94\u53d8\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9971\u548c\u4f4d\u9519\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d8\u5f62\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u5230\u9ad8\u5e94\u53d8\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u9519\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

Figure 7\u00a0\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8ddd\u79bb\u8868\u9762\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u6837\u54c1\u62c9\u4f38\u540e\uff0c\u786c\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

8<\/b><\/strong>\uff09Enhanced ductility of surface nano-crystallized materials by modulating grain size gradient\uff0cJianjun Li and A K Soh\uff0cModelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 20 (2012)<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u2014END\u2014<\/p>\n

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