{"id":167466,"date":"2019-02-19T06:30:43","date_gmt":"2019-02-18T22:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=167466"},"modified":"2019-04-26T14:39:09","modified_gmt":"2019-04-26T06:39:09","slug":"%e4%bd%a0%e7%9c%9f%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3%e7%94%b5%e5%82%ac%e5%8c%96%e4%ba%a7%e6%b0%a2%e8%bf%99%e4%ba%9b%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f%e5%b7%b2%e4%b8%ba%e4%bd%a0%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93%e5%a5%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=167466","title":{"rendered":"\u4f60\u771f\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u4ea7\u6c22\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5417\uff1f\u5df2\u4e3a\u4f60\u603b\u7ed3\u597d\uff0c\u5feb\u6233\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u5f15\u8bed\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5e72\u8d27\u4e13\u680f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u73b0\u5728\u8bbe\u7acb\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u7ae0\u4e13\u680f\uff0c\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u9886\u57df\u6b63\u5728\u6162\u6162\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e13\u680f\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u5411\u7684\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u76f4\u63a5\u5fae\u4fe1\u8054\u7cfbcailiaorenVIP\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u72b9\u8c6b\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u680f\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u3002\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u7eb5\u7136\u4f60\u79bb\u6211\u5343\u91cc\u4e07\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u5728\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7b49\u4f60\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u524d\u8a00<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u80fd\u6e90\u4f9b\u5e94\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u89c6\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u81ea\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6c22\u6c14\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u96f6\u6392\u653e\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u5728\u5df2\u77e5\u71c3\u6599\u4e2d\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u6c22\u6c14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ece\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u8f6c\u6362\u56de\u7535\u529b\u6765\u8f93\u9001\u7ed9\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u661f\u7403\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c22\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u6e38\u79bb\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u78b3\u6c22\u5316\u5408\u7269\u548c\u6c34\u7b49\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6c22\u6c14\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u78b3\u6c22\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u84b8\u998f\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u6e90\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u548c\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u751f\u4ea7\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u89e3\u6216\u5149\u50ac\u5316\u5206\u89e3\u6c34\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u9633\u5149\u7684\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u91cf\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5c06\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6790\u6c22\u53cd\u5e94( HER )\u662f\u6c34\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u9634\u6781\u534a\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u4ef6\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c34\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u5149\u5408\u7535\u6c60\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8d28\u5b50\u6216\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6c14\u6001\u6c22\u7684\u968f\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9178\u6027\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\uff1a<\/p>\n

2H+<\/sup>+2e–<\/sup>\u2192H2<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u78b1\u6027\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\uff1a<\/p>\n

2H2<\/sub>O+2e–<\/sup>\u2192H2<\/sub>+2OH–<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u5728pH= 0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cHER\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8fd8\u539f\u7535\u4f4d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a: E<\/i><\/em>0<\/sup>=0 V vs. NHE\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u514b\u670d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u52bf\u5792(\u5728\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d)\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9HER\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u9014\u5f84\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

2.HER\u539f\u7406<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1 HER \u70ed\u529b\u5b66<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b(T<\/i><\/em>=298 K, P<\/i><\/em>H2<\/sub>\u00a0= 1 atm)\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9NHE\u7684HER\u7684\u80fd\u65af\u7279\u7535\u4f4d\u7531\u516c\u5f0f(1)\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8epH\u503c\uff0c\u6bcf\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2apH\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ebf\u6027\u79fb\u52a8-59 mV\u3002\u5f53\u63d0\u5230\u53ef\u9006\u6c22\u7535\u6781(RHE)\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cdpH\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u5728RHE\u6807\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0cHER\u7684\u80fd\u65af\u7279\u7535\u4f4d\u7b49\u4e8e\u96f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u6240\u7528\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u65e0\u5173\u3002[1]<\/p>\n

E<\/i><\/em>HER<\/sub>\u00a0= E<\/i><\/em>0<\/sup>\u00a0– RT\/F<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u00d7 ln(aH+<\/sub>\/P<\/i><\/em>H2<\/sub>1\/2<\/sup>)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0= – 0.059 \u00d7 (pH) V vs. NHE=0V vs. RHE\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (1)<\/p>\n

\u80fd\u65af\u7279\u7535\u4f4d\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0cHER\u5f88\u5c11\u5728\u5176\u5e73\u8861\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u514b\u670d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u52bf\u5792\u624d\u80fd\u5982\u56fe1A\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u80fd\u91cf\u52bf\u5792\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u754c\u9762\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002HER\u76f4\u5230\u65bd\u52a0\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u9634\u6781\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d(\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5e73\u8861\u7535\u4f4d\u548c\u65bd\u52a0\u7535\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u503c)\u6709\u65f6\u9ad8\u8fbe> 1 V\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb(\u56fe1B)\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u9a71\u52a8HER\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a:<\/p>\n

E<\/i><\/em>i<\/sub>=E<\/i><\/em>HER<\/sub>+iR<\/i><\/em>+\u03b7 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(2)<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2di<\/span>R<\/i><\/em>\u662f\u6b27\u59c6\u7535\u4f4d\u964d\uff0c\u03b7\u662f\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe1.HER\u70ed\u529b\u5b66<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(A) HER\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002( B )\u00a0\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4e0a\u7684HER\u6781\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u3002[2]<\/p>\n

2.2 \u53cd\u5e94\u8def\u5f84<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

HER\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u4f4d\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u9762\u7ed3\u6676\u9762\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9178\u6027\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684HER\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8868\u9762\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u8026\u5408\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u4ea7\u751f\u4e2d\u95f4\u5438\u9644\u7684\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u3002\u8be5\u6b65\u9aa4\u79f0\u4e3a\u653e\u7535\u53cd\u5e94\u6216Volmer\u53cd\u5e94:<\/p>\n

H+<\/sup>\u00a0+ e–<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 Hads<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(3)<\/p>\n

\u968f\u540e\u7684\u6c22\u89e3\u5438\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5438\u9644\u7684\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d28\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u6c22\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u89e3\u5438\u53cd\u5e94\u6216Heyrovsky\u53cd\u5e94:<\/p>\n

Hads<\/sub>\u00a0+ H+<\/sup>\u00a0+ e–<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 H2<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/sub>(4)<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5438\u9644\u7684\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u6c22\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u91cd\u7ec4\u53cd\u5e94\u6216Tafel\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n

Hads<\/sub>\u00a0+ Hads<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 H2<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/sub>(5)<\/p>\n

\u9610\u660e\u4e0d\u540cHER\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u786e\u5207\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u7406\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cTafel\u659c\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901f\u7387\u786e\u5b9a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u9014\u5f84\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u6839\u636eButler – Volmer\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5f53\u653e\u7535\u53cd\u5e94(3)\u3001\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u89e3\u5438\u53cd\u5e94(4)\u6216\u590d\u5408\u53cd\u5e94(5)\u5206\u522b\u51b3\u5b9a\u901f\u7387\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65adTafel\u659c\u7387\u4e3a118 mVdec-1<\/sup>\u300139 mVdec-1<\/sup>\u621629.5 mVdec-1<\/sup>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94c2\uff0c\u5728\u9178\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u521d\u59cb\u653e\u7535\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u590d\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u901f\u7387\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7535\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0cTafel\u659c\u7387\u4e3a30 mVdec-1<\/sup>\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5438\u9644\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1\u9971\u548c\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u539f\u5b50-\u539f\u5b50\u91cd\u7ec4\u52a0\u901f\u3002\u653e\u7535\u6b65\u9aa4\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u901f\u7387\u51b3\u5b9a\u6b65\uff0cTafel\u659c\u7387\u4e3a~ 120 mV dec-1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7535\u6781\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6c22\u5438\u9644\u548c\u89e3\u5438\u662fHER\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684:\u4e0e\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u5f3a\u5ea6\u592a\u5f31\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8868\u9762\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5438\u9644\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4ee5\u5f15\u53d1HER\uff0c\u800c\u7ed3\u5408\u5f3a\u5ea6\u592a\u5f3a\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8868\u9762\u5c06\u96be\u4ee5\u5728HER\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u7684HER\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6c22\u952e\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408Sabatier\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u76f8\u50ac\u5316\u548c\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u952e\u80fd\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u50ac\u5316\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u4f73\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u30021958\u5e74\uff0cParson\u9996\u6b21\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u6c22\u5438\u9644\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u70ed\u4e2d\u6027(\u25b3GH<\/sub>\u00a0~ 0 )\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u5229\u7528\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6cdb\u51fd\u7406\u8bba\uff0cNorskov\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u6c22\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0a\u7684\u5438\u9644\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3002\u5f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684HER\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7ed8\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u56fe\uff0c\u5176\u5cf0\u503c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63a5\u8fd1\u94c2\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u4f4d\u7f6e(\u56fe2)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u25b3GH<\/sub>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u65b0\u7684\u6790\u6c22\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\uff0cNorskov\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86BiPt\u8868\u9762\u5408\u91d1\u548c\u5c42\u72b6MoS2<\/sub>\u8fb9\u7f18\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u9ad8HER\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe2. \u706b\u5c71\u56fe\u3002[3]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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3.\u6027\u80fd\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1 \u6781\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6781\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u626b\u63cf\u901f\u7387\u4e0d\u53ef\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u9020\u6210\u7535\u6d41\u66f2\u7ebf\u504f\u5dee\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u626b\u901f\u6240\u53d6\u8303\u56f4\u57282-5 mV\/s\u3002\u5728\u6781\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u662f\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5176\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7535\u6781\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u76ee\u524d\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u662f\u8d77\u59cb\u7535\u4f4d\uff08\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a1 mA\/cm2<\/sup>\u65f6\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a10 mA\/cm2<\/sup>\u65f6\u7684\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u6548\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\uff0cHER\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u901a\u8fc7\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e2d\u95f4\u5316\u5b66\u8f6c\u5316\u6765\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u7684HER\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u5728100 mV\u8fc7\u7535\u52bf\u6216\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2\u5854\u83f2\u5c14\u659c\u7387<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

HER\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5b83\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8eButler\u2013Volmer\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a:[4]<\/p>\n

j<\/i><\/em>=j<\/i><\/em>0<\/sub>[-e\u2013<\/sup>\u03b1nF\u03b7\/RT<\/i><\/sup><\/em>+e(1-\u03b1)<\/sup>nF\u03b7\/RT<\/i><\/sup><\/em>] \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(3)<\/p>\n

j \u662f\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0cj0<\/sub>\u662f\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u03b1<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u662f\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c n = 1\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u6570\uff0cF\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7cfb\u6570\uff0cR\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u4f53\u5e38\u6570\uff0cT\u662f\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7535\u6781\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94c2\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u53ca\u5176\u7eaf\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5728j0<\/sub>\u00a0= 10-4<\/sup>\u00a0to 10-2<\/sup>\u00a0A cm-2<\/sup>\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002[5] \u5f53\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u5f88\u5c0f\u65f6( h < 0.005 V )\uff0cButler – Volmer\u65b9\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a:<\/p>\n

\u03b7=(RT\/Nfj<\/i><\/em>0<\/sub>)j \u00a0<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/em>\u00a0<\/i><\/em>(4)<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1\u5e73\u8861\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u7a84\u7535\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0e\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d( h > 0.05 V )\u4e0b\uff0cButler – Volmer\u65b9\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3aTafel\u65b9\u7a0b:<\/p>\n

\u0397 = a+b log j<\/i><\/em>\u00a0= -2.3RT<\/i><\/em>\/\u03b1<\/i><\/em>nF<\/i><\/em>\u00a0log j<\/i><\/em>0<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2.3RT<\/i><\/em>\/\u03b1<\/i><\/em>nF<\/i><\/em>\u00a0log\u00a0j<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(5)<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u548clog j \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u659c\u7387b = 2.3RT\/\u03b1<\/i><\/em>nF<\/i><\/em>\u5219\u4e3a\u5854\u83f2\u5c14\u659c\u7387\u3002Tafel\u659c\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u901f\u7387\u786e\u5b9a\u6b65\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684HER\u53cd\u5e94\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0cTafel\u659c\u7387\u8868\u660e\u5c06\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad810\u500d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8fc7\u7535\u52bf\u589e\u91cf\u3002\u5c0fTafel\u659c\u7387\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u6025\u5267\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7535\u6781\u6781\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884cTafel\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bfc\u51fa\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548cTafel\u659c\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe3.\u6781\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u548c\u5854\u83f2\u5c14\u659c\u7387<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(A) \u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4e0a\u7684HER\u6781\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002(B)\u00a0\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4e0a\u7684tafel\u659c\u7387\u3002[2]<\/p>\n

\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u4f4e\u7684\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u3001\u4f4eTafel\u659c\u7387\u548c\u5927\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u66f4\u4f4eTafel\u659c\u7387\u7684HER\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u56fe3A\u548cB\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u603b\u662f\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u8fc7\u7535\u52bf\u3002\u5bf9HER\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u91cf\u5316\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u56e0\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8fbe\u523010mA\u00b7cm-2<\/sup>\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u71c3\u6599\u5408\u6210\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u503c\u3002[6]<\/p>\n

3.3 ECSA \u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u4ea7\u6c22\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u8bba\u6587\u5f97\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u6d77\u91cf\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5206\u6790\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe4. (A)\u5e73\u5766(\u5e38\u89c4)\u548c(B)\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u7535\u6781\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002[7]<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u5316\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u8868\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6d3b\u6027\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u5e73\u9762\u7535\u6781\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u9762\u79ef\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c(\u56fe4A\uff0cB\u00a0)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u4f30\u8ba1\u6d3b\u6027\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u8868\u9762\u79ef( ECSA )\u662f\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u6d4b\u91cf\u6240\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u975e\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u533a(\u5373\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u53cd\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u4f46\u5438\u6536\u548c\u89e3\u5438\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b)\u7535\u6781\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u626b\u63cf\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u901f\u7387(\u03bd)\u5faa\u73af\u65f6\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6(j)\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5e94\u4e0e\u626b\u63cf\u901f\u7387\u6210\u7ebf\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6839\u636e\u659c\u7387\u7ed9\u51fa\u53cc\u7535\u5c42\u7535\u5bb9(Cdl <\/sub>= j\/\u03bd)\u3002\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u7cfb\u6570\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u5e73\u5766\u8868\u9762\u7684\u53cc\u5c42\u7535\u5bb9(ECSA = Cdl<\/sub>\/CdlRef<\/sub>)\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u7535\u6781\u7684\u53cc\u5c42\u7535\u5bb9\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e58\u4ee5\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u56e0\u5b50\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u7535\u6781\u7684\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u51e0\u4f55\u8868\u9762\u4e58\u4ee5\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u7cfb\u6570(AElect<\/sub>.=AGeom<\/sub>\u00a0\u00d7 ECSA)\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u65b0\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u5f3a\u70c8\u9f13\u52b1\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528ECSA\u503c\u6765\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6(j<\/i><\/em>ECSA<\/sub>\u00a0= j<\/i><\/em>\/ECSA).\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b20\u7535\u52bf\u6c89\u79ef\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u548c\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u5bf9\u7535\u6781\u8fdb\u884c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5f62\u8c8c\u8868\u5f81\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1ECSA\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6d3b\u6027\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7535\u6781\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5907\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5728\u975e\u6d3b\u6027\u591a\u5b54\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684Cdl<\/sub>\u00a0\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9ECSA\u7684\u9ad8\u4f30\u548c\u5bf9\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4f4e\u4f30\u3002ECSA\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u7535\u6781\u4e0a\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u3001\u66f4\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u6bd4\u8f83\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

3.4 \u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41(i<\/i><\/em>0<\/sub>)\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u56fa\u6709\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3002Bard\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201cidle current\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5728\u03b7=0 V\u65f6\u7535\u6781\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u65bd\u52a0\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\uff0ci<\/i><\/em>0<\/sub>\u7684\u503c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8868\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u3002\u5728HER\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660eSabatier\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed8\u5236\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6c22\u5438\u9644\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5c06\u7535\u6781\u4e0a\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ECSA ( j<\/i><\/em>0<\/sub>\u00a0= i<\/i><\/em>0<\/sub>\/AGeom<\/sub>\u00d7ECSA)\u83b7\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n

3.5 TOF\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8f83\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684TOF = nproduct<\/sub>\/nsite<\/sub>\u3002\u5f53\u9610\u8ff0\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06TOF\u7ed8\u5236\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u8be5\u6210\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u78f7\u5316\u94b4\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97TOF\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u56fe5\u6240\u793a\u3002[8]<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3.6 \u963b\u6297<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u963b\u6297\u8c31\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5185\u963b(RS)\u548c\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u7535\u963b(RCT)\u5e76\u6821\u6b63\u7535\u52bf\u964d\u3002\u5728\u4f4e\u548c\u9ad8\u8fc7\u7535\u52bf\u4e0b\u7684\u963b\u6297\u6d4b\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u5b9a\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u7535\u963b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7535\u6781\u5b54\u9699\u7387\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u7535\u963b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6781\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7535\u6d41\u4e0d\u53d7\u8d28\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u9650\u5236(i<\/i><\/em>\u00a0= \u2212i<\/i><\/em>0<\/sub>\u00a0\u00d7 F\/RT<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u00d7 \u03b7<\/i><\/em>)\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\uff0cRCT<\/sub>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e3aRCT<\/sub>\u00a0= RT<\/i><\/em>\/Fi<\/i><\/em>0<\/sub>.\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5316\u4e2d\u7b49\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7684Butler – Volmer\u65b9\u7a0b(\u5373\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4f20\u8d28\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b)\uff0cTafel\u659c\u7387\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u2212\u00a02.3RT\/\u03b1F<\/i><\/em>,\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u03b1\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4f20\u8d28\u7cfb\u6570\u3002Tafel\u659c\u7387\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6307\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7535\u6d41< 1 %\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4f20\u8d28\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7535\u6d41< 1 % \u7684\u53cd\u5411\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fc7\u7535\u52bf\u8d85\u8fc7118 mV\u65f6\uff0cTafel\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u57fa\u4e8eTafel\u659c\u7387\u503c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u7406\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u7a84\u7684\u4f4e\u7535\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0cTafel\u659c\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u94c2\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u9ad8\u8fbe150 mV\u7684\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u63d0\u4f9bTafel\u659c\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u7535\u6781\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u4f20\u8d28\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

3.6 \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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4.\u603b\u7ed3<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.M. Zeng, Y. G. Li, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3,14942<\/p>\n

2.Y. Y. Liang, Y. G. Li, H. L. Wang and H. J. Dai, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 2013, 136, 2013\u20132036.<\/p>\n

3.J. K. Norskov, T. Bligaard, A. Logadottir, J. R. Kitchin,J. G. Chen, S. Pandelov and J. K. Norskov, J. Electrochem.Soc., 2005, 152, J23\u2013J26.<\/p>\n

4.G. Eliezer, Physical Electrochemistry, John Wiley, New York,2011.<\/p>\n

5.D. T. Sawyer, A. Sobkowiak and J. L. Roberts,Electrochemistry for Chemists, John Wiley, New York, 1995.<\/p>\n

6.C. C. L. McCrory, S. H. Jung, J. C. Peters and T. F. Jaramillo,J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 16977\u201316987.<\/p>\n

7.Damien V., et al.,\u00a0ACS Nano 2018, 12, 9635\u22129638.<\/p>\n

8.X. X.\u00a0Wang, Z. L.\u00a0Na, et al., Phytic Acid-Assisted Formation of Hierarchical\u00a0Porous CoP\/C Nanoboxes for Enhanced\u00a0Lithium Storage and Hydrogen Generation\u00a0ACS nano, accepted.<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u79d1\u6280\u987e\u95eeZ.Chen\u4f9b\u7a3f\uff0c<\/strong>\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u7f16\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5230\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u5ba3\u4f20\u79d1\u6280\u6210\u679c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u6295\u7a3f\u90ae\u7bb1: tougao@cailiaoren.com.<\/p>\n

\u6295\u7a3f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5bb9\u5408\u4f5c\u53ef\u52a0\u7f16\u8f91\u5fae\u4fe1\uff1acailiaorenVIP.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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