{"id":162978,"date":"2018-12-26T06:30:22","date_gmt":"2018-12-25T22:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=162978"},"modified":"2018-12-26T11:45:39","modified_gmt":"2018-12-26T03:45:39","slug":"%e7%ab%99%e5%9c%a8%e5%b7%a8%e4%ba%ba%e7%9a%84%e8%82%a9%e8%86%80%e4%b8%8a%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e7%ba%b3%e7%b1%b3%e5%9b%a2%e7%b0%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e6%96%b0%e6%89%8b%e5%bf%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=162978","title":{"rendered":"\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\uff1a\u5165\u95e8\u65b0\u624b\u5fc5\u5907\uff0c\u4ece\u5408\u6210\u5230\u5e94\u7528\uff0carticle\u4e0ereview\u96c6\u9526"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07<\/b><\/strong>\uff1f<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>\u00a01.<\/b><\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7X\u5c04\u7ebf\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u89e3\u6790\u7684Au144<\/sub>\uff08SCH2<\/sub>Ph\uff0960<\/sub>\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u603b\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\uff08A\uff09Au144<\/sub>\uff08SCH2<\/sub>Ph\uff0960<\/sub>\u7684\u53f3\u65cb\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u3002\u9ec4\u8272\uff0c\u91d1\u539f\u5b50\uff1b\u7eff\u8272\uff0c\u786b\u539f\u5b50\uff1b\u7070\u8272\uff0c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff1b\u767d\u8272\uff0c\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n

\uff08B\uff09\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u5bf9\u5bf9\u6620\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u516d\u9762\u4f53\u6676\u80de\u3002\u5de6\u624b\u548c\u53f3\u624b\u5bf9\u6620\u4f53\u5206\u522b\u4ee5\u54c1\u7ea2\u8272\u548c\u9ec4\u8272\u7740\u8272[1]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u5c11\u5219\u6570\u4e2a\u3001\u591a\u5219\u4e0a\u767e\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u8d39\u7c73\u6ce2\u957f\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u660e\u661f\u6210\u5458\u3002\u56fe1\u4e3a\u6700\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u91d1-\u786b\u9187\u914d\u4f53\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373144\u4e2a\u91d1\u539f\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5916\u56f4\u88ab60\u4e2a\u786b\u9187\u914d\u4f53\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u5355\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u6210\u679c\u7531\u5408\u80a5\u7269\u8d28\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u4f0d\u5fd7\u9cb2\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4<\/b><\/strong>\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u5728Science Advances<\/i><\/em>[1]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d85\u5c0f\u578b\u7eb3\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u6b65\u63a5\u89e6\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5361\u8010\u57fa<\/b><\/strong>–<\/b><\/strong>\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u91d1\u8363\u8d85\u6559\u6388<\/b><\/strong>\u4eb2\u81ea\u6267\u7b14\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u9519\u8fc7\u3002\u9898\u4e3aAtomically Precise Colloidal Metal Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles:Fundamentals and Opportunities<\/b><\/strong>[2]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c2016\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7efc\u8ff0\u671f\u520aChemical Reviews<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8c37\u6b4c\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u5df2\u8fbe500\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u9996\u5148\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7531\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u70b9\u4ece\u786b\u9187\u914d\u4f53\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5176\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5355\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u624b\u6027\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u4f53\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6838\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u770b\u5b8c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f60\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5bf9\u56e2\u7c07\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6982\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5f00\u59cb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u76ee\u524d\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u673a\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u5de8\u4eba\u7684\u80a9\u8180\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u627e\u5230\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u8ba4\u4e3a\u66f4\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u673a\u7406<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8bb2\u5230\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u9519\u8fc7\u8fd9\u7bc7\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u8c22\u5efa\u5e73\u6559\u6388\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4<\/b><\/strong>\u548c\u9752\u5c9b\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u8881\u52cb\u6559\u6388\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4<\/b><\/strong>\u4e8e\u8fd1\u671f\u5728Accounts of Chemical Research<\/i><\/em>\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u9898\u4e3a\u00a0\u201cToward Total Synthesis of Thiolate-Protected Metal Nanoclusters<\/b><\/strong>[3]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u53d7\u9080\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u786b\u9187\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u751f\u957f\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u5408\u6210\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u53ca\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

1<\/b><\/strong>\u3001<\/b><\/strong>\u8fd8\u539f\u751f\u957f\u6cd5<\/b><\/strong>(Reduction Growth)<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u539f\u751f\u957f\u6cd5\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u5373\u91c7\u7528\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u5c06\u4e09\u4ef7\u91d1\u6216\u4e00\u4ef7\u91d1\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd8\u539f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5feb\u6162\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u5bf9\u53cd\u5e94\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5426\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u787c\u6c22\u5316\u94a0\uff0c\u6e29\u548c\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u6c30\u57fa\u787c\u6c22\u5316\u94a0\uff0cCO\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>\u00a02<\/b><\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd8\u539f\u751f\u957f\u6cd5\u5408\u6210[Au25<\/sub>(SR)18<\/sub>]–<\/sup>\u56e2\u7c07\u793a\u610f\u56fe[4]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2<\/b><\/strong>\u3001<\/b><\/strong>\u79cd\u5b50\u751f\u957f\u6cd5<\/b><\/strong>(Seeded Growth)<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>\u00a03<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u4ee5[Au25<\/sub>(SR)18<\/sub>]\u4e3a\u79cd\u5b50\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u751f\u957f\u5408\u6210[Au44<\/sub>(SR)26<\/sub>]2-<\/sup>\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u793a\u610f\u56fe[5]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3<\/b><\/strong>\u3001<\/b><\/strong>\u5408\u91d1\u5316\u6cd5<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(Alloying Reaction)<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5408\u91d1\u5316\u6cd5\u5373\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u5916\u6765\u6a21\u4f53\uff08motif\uff09\u9010\u6b65\u4ea4\u6362\u539f\u6765\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u91d1\u5c5e\u4ea4\u6362\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5f02\u91d1\u5c5e\u63ba\u6742\u7684\u5408\u91d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6848\u4f8b\u53ef\u8be6\u7ec6\u53c2\u8003\u5b89\u5fbd\u5927\u5b66\u6731\u6ee1\u6d32\u6559\u6388\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4<\/b><\/strong>\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u8868\u5728Accounts of Chemical Research<\/i><\/em>\u4e0a\u9898\u4e3aCustomizing the Structure, Composition, and Properties of Alloy Nanoclusters by Metal Exchange<\/b><\/strong>[6]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>\u00a04<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0[Ag44<\/sub>(SR)30<\/sub>]4-<\/sup>\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\u793a\u610f\u56fe[7]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

4<\/b><\/strong>\u3001\u914d\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\u6cd5<\/b><\/strong>(Ligand Exchange)<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5408\u6210\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u79cd\u7c7b\u7a76\u7adf\u53c8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u91d1\u5c5e\u6838<\/b><\/strong>\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u8bdd\u5219\u5206\u4e3a\u91d1\u3001\u94f6\u3001\u94dc\u7b49\u5355\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u6216\u8005\u91d1\u94f6\uff0c\u91d1\u94dc\u7b49\u5408\u91d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u5916\u58f3\u914d\u4f53\u79cd\u7c7b<\/b><\/strong>\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u8bdd\u5219\u6709\u786b\u9187\u3001\u81a6\u3001\u7094\u3001\u7852\u7b49\u5355\u914d\u4f53\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u6216\u8005\u786b\u9187\/\u81a6\u7b49\u591a\u914d\u4f53\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6309\u914d\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u5927\u5c0f<\/b><\/strong>\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u6709\u50cf\u82ef\u4e59\u786b\u9187\uff0c\u8c37\u80f1\u7518\u80bd\u7b49\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u50cf\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff08\u725b\u8840\u6e05\u767d\u86cb\u767d\uff09\u3001\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7b49\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e00\u822c\u50cf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7ed3\u6784\u5f88\u96be\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7cbe\u786e\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u6cd5<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u6750\u6599\u5408\u6210\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u9a6c\u5fb7\u62c9\u65af\u5206\u6821\u7684<\/b><\/strong>Thalappil Pradeep<\/b><\/strong>\u6559\u6388<\/b><\/strong>\u5728Chemical Reviews<\/i><\/em>\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u9898\u4e3aAtomically Precise Clusters of Noble Metals: Emerging Link between Atoms and Nanoparticles<\/b><\/strong>[8]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u4f60\u4e0d\u5bb9\u9519\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u8868\u5f81\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u8282\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5206\u7c7b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0b\u9762\u5373\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8303\u56f4\u76f8\u5f53\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u7ec6\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u91cc\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u5f81\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

1<\/b><\/strong>\u3001\u8d28\u8c31\u5206\u6790\uff08<\/b><\/strong>Mass Spectrometry<\/b><\/strong>\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8d28\u8c31\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e86\u89e3\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709\u57fa\u8d28\u8f85\u52a9\u6fc0\u5149\u89e3\u5438\u7535\u79bb\u98de\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u8d28\u8c31\uff08MALDI TOF MS\uff09\u3001\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7535\u55b7\u96fe\u8d28\u8c31\uff08HRESI-MS\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e32\u8054\u8d28\u8c31\uff08MS-MS\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>5 <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\uff08a\uff09\u5728\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u5236\u5907\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u7c07\u7684ESI\u8d28\u8c31\u3002\u5de6\u8fb9\u4e00\u6392\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u8c31\u56fe\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u4e00\u6392\u662f\u89e3\u5377\u79ef\u8c31\u56fe[9]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002\u00a0(b) \u4ece\u4e2d\u6027Au25<\/sub>\uff08SR\uff0918<\/sub>\u7c07\u5230\u5e26\u6b63\u6216\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\u7684Au25<\/sub>\uff08SR\uff0918<\/sub>\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6848\u4ee5\u53ca(c)\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u76f8\u5e94\u7684ESI\u8d28\u8c31\u56fe[10]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002\uff08d\uff09Au25<\/sub>(PET)18<\/sub>\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684MALDI\u8d28\u8c31\u56fe[11]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

2<\/b><\/strong>\u3001\u5355\u6676\u884d\u5c04\u5206\u6790\uff08<\/b><\/strong>Single Crystal Studies<\/b><\/strong>\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u786e\u5207\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8d28\u8c31\u8fd8\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u5355\u6676\u884d\u5c04\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6280\u672f\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5355\u6676\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5b83\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ed3\u6784\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d28\u8c31\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u5f81\u6280\u672f\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u7cbe\u786e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u4e0e\u65e0\u673a\u7c07\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u7c07\u7684\u5355\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u654f\u611f\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7ed3\u6676\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6eb6\u5242\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u884d\u5c04\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8d77\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>6 <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\uff08a\uff09Au18<\/sub>(SC6<\/sub>H11<\/sub>)14<\/sub>[12]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08b\uff09Au20<\/sub>(TBBT)16<\/sub>[13]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08c\uff09[Au23<\/sub>(SC6H11)16<\/sub>]–<\/sup>\u00a0[14]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08d\uff09Au24<\/sub>(SAdm)16<\/sub>[15]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08e\uff09Au25<\/sub>(PET)18<\/sub>[16]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08f\uff09[N(C8<\/sub>H17<\/sub>)4<\/sub>][Au25<\/sub>(PET)18<\/sub>][17]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08g\uff09Au28<\/sub>(TBBT)20<\/sub>[18]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08h\uff09Au30<\/sub>S(S-t-Bu)18<\/sub>[19]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08i\uff09Au36<\/sub>(SPh-tBu)24<\/sub>[20]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08j\uff09Au38<\/sub>(PET)24<\/sub>[21]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08k\uff09Au40<\/sub>(o-MBT)24<\/sub>[22]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08l\uff09Au52<\/sub>(TBBT)32<\/sub>[22]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08m\uff09Au92<\/sub>(TBBT)44<\/sub>[23]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08n\uff09Au102<\/sub>(p-MBA)44<\/sub>[24]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08o\uff09Au130<\/sub>(p-MBT)50<\/sub>[25]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u548c\uff08p\uff09Au133<\/sub>(SPh-tBu)52<\/sub>[26]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5355\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe6b\uff0ce\uff0cf\uff0cg\uff0ci\uff0cj\uff0cn\uff0co\u4ec5\u663e\u793aAu\u548cS\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u914d\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

3<\/b><\/strong>\u3001\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u5149\u8c31\u5206\u6790\uff08<\/b><\/strong>NMR Spectroscopy<\/b><\/strong>\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>7<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

<\/b>(A) \u786b\u9187\u76d0\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684Au25<\/sub>(SR)18<\/sub>\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\uff08Au\uff0c\u7d2b\u8272\uff1bS\uff0c\u9ec4\u8272\uff1b\u786b\u9187\u76d0\u914d\u4f53\u7684\u03b1-C\uff0c\u7070\u8272\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5982\uff08B\uff09\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u786b\u9187\u76d0\u5206\u522b\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3aI\u548cII\u3002\uff08C\uff09Au25<\/sub>(SG)18<\/sub>\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u6eb6\u4e8eD2<\/sub>O\u4e2d\u88abCe(SO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\u6c27\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6240\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027NMR\u5149\u8c31\uff1a\uff08b-d\uff0c\u6b65\u9aa41\uff09\u52a0\u51651.5mg Ce(SO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\u4e4b\u540e\uff1b\uff08e-h\uff0c\u6b65\u9aa42\uff09\u53c8\u52a0\u51651.5mg Ce(SO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u5728\u5bbd\u5cf0\uff08\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a7 = -CH 2<\/sub>\u7684\u786b\u9187\u76d0\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u76843.3ppm\u5904\u7684\u5c16\u5cf0\u7531\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u6b8b\u7559\u7684CH 3<\/sub>OH\u4ea7\u751f[27]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

NMR\u5149\u8c31\u6280\u672f\u9664\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u914d\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u5916\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8003\u5bdf\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e9b\u786b\u9187\u76d0\u7ed3\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u91d1\u8363\u8d85\u6559\u6388\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4[27]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8eAu-S\u952e\u7684\u6297\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u548c\u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684NMR\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Ce(SO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u6c27\u5316Au25<\/sub>(SG)18<\/sub>\uff0c\u5e76\u6d4b\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u4e0b\u7684NMR\u3002\u4e0e\u914d\u4f53\u7684C7\u539f\u5b50\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u624b\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u5f62\u62103.6\u548c3.8ppm\u7684\u53cc\u5cf0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u786b\u9187\u76d0\u7ed3\u5408\u6a21\u5f0fI\u7684\u03b1-H\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a3.3\u548c3.4ppm\u7684\u53cc\u5cf0\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u786b\u9187\u76d0\u7ed3\u5408\u6a21\u5f0fII\u7684\u03b1-H\u3002\u6a21\u5f0fI\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0fII\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u4e3a2\uff1a1\u3002\u52a0\u5165Ce(SO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\u540e\uff0c3.3\/3.4ppm\u7684\u53cc\u5cf0\u53d8\u5bbd\u5e76\u57286\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u51e0\u4e4e\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u7ed3\u5408\u6a21\u5f0fII\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5f31\u5e76\u4e14\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u4fb5\u8680\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u57285\u5929\u540e\uff0c3.6\/3.8ppm\u7684\u53cc\u5cf0\u4ecd\u672a\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u6a21\u5f0fI\u6bd4\u7ed3\u5408\u6a21\u5f0fII\u5f3a\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

4<\/b><\/strong>\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u5149\u8c31\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08<\/b><\/strong>Other Spectroscopies<\/b><\/strong>\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5149\u8c31\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31<\/b><\/strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92\u4e2d\u786b\u9187\u57fa\u56e2\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662fS-H\u632f\u52a8\u5e26\u7684\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u914d\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5f81\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e0e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6e38\u79bb\u914d\u4f53\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u72b6\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4f0f\u5b89\u6cd5<\/b><\/strong>\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2dHOMO-LUMO\u95f4\u9699\u6216\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u6709\u529b\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u79cd\u5149\u8c31\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u78c1\u6027\u5706\u4e8c\u8272\u6027\uff08MCD\uff09\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u987a\u78c1\u5171\u632f\uff08EPR\uff09\uff0c\u6269\u5c55X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5438\u6536\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7ed3\u6784\uff08EXAFS\uff09\uff0cX\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\uff08XRD\uff09\uff0c\u78c1\u5149\u53d1\u5149\u5149\u8c31\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u539f\u5b50\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u5408\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u7269\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5bb9\u6613\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u8868\u5f81\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u673a\u7406\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5854\u82ad\u82ad\u62c9\u5206\u6821\u7684<\/b><\/strong>Trevor W. Hayton<\/b><\/strong>\u6559\u6388\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4<\/b><\/strong>\u5728Accounts of Chemical Research<\/i><\/em>\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u9898\u4e3aCase Studies in Nanocluster Synthesis and Characterization: Challenges and Opportunities<\/b><\/strong>[28]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u901a\u8fc7\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u7ecf\u5178\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5355\u4e00\u8868\u5f81\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u8054\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u88ab\u5408\u6210\u51fa\u6765\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed9\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u957f\u4e45\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6478\u7d22\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5176\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6548\u5e94\u4ee5\u53ca\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u8868\u9762-\u4f53\u79ef\u6bd4\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0e\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u4f53\u5bf9\u5e94\u7269\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff08\u6216\u7a33\u5b9a\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u7cbe\u786e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u5e93\uff0c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u5177\u6709\u5149\u5b66\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u3001\u624b\u6027\u3001\u78c1\u6027\u3001\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7b49\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u524d\u4e09\u7c7b\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

1<\/b><\/strong>\u3001<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u751f\u7269\u5e94\u7528<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.1 <\/b><\/strong>\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u8d28<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5f53\u5176\u51b2\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.1.1 <\/b><\/strong>\u5149\u5b66\u5438\u6536\uff08<\/b><\/strong>Optical Absorption<\/b><\/strong>\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u91d1\u8363\u8d85\u6559\u6388<\/b><\/strong>\u5728Nanoscale<\/i><\/em>\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u9898\u4e3aAtomically precise metal nanoclusters: stable sizes and optical properties<\/b><\/strong>[29]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u62a5\u9053\u7a33\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u53ca\u5176\u5149\u5b66\u5438\u6536\u5149\u8c31\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u5e94\u7528\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

1.1.2 <\/b><\/strong>\u5149\u81f4\u53d1\u5149\uff08<\/b><\/strong>Photoluminescence<\/b><\/strong>\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u914d\u4f53\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u91d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5149\u81f4\u53d1\u5149\u6027\u8d28\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f20\u611f\u548c\u5149\u7597\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u591a\u6570\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f4e\u8367\u5149\u91cf\u5b50\u4ea7\u7387\uff08<1\uff05\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u786e\u5b9e\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684QY\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c5-10\uff05\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ecAu15<\/sub>\uff08SG\uff0913<\/sub>\uff0cAu18<\/sub>\uff08SG\uff0914<\/sub>\uff0cAu22<\/sub>\uff08SG\uff0918<\/sub>\u548cAu24<\/sub>\uff08SCH2<\/sub>Ph-tBu\uff0920<\/sub>\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u53d1\u5149\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6709\uff08i\uff09\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u914d\u4f53\u5c01\u76d6\u91d1\u5c5e\u6838\u5fc3\u8868\u9762[30-32]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\uff08ii\uff09\u6539\u53d8\u6838\u5fc3\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6216\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u91d1\u5c5e\u539f\u5b50\u63ba\u6742\u6838\u5fc3[33, 34]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\uff0c\u548c\uff08iii\uff09\u5229\u7528\u805a\u96c6\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u53d1\u5c04\uff08AIE\uff09[35]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>8<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\uff08\u5de6\u4e0a\uff09\u6eb6\u5242\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u4f4e\u805aAu\uff08I\uff09-\u786b\u9187\u76d0\u7edc\u5408\u7269\u7684AIE\u6027\u8d28\u548c\uff08\u5de6\u4e0b\uff09Au\uff08I\uff09-\u786b\u9187\u76d0\u7edc\u5408\u7269\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u4e59\u9187\u548c\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u5728\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u4f53\u79ef\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u7684\u4e59\u9187\u3002\uff08\u53f3\u4e0a\uff09AIE\u5f15\u5bfc\u5408\u6210\u53d1\u5149\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u548c\uff08\u53f3\u4e0b\uff09\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u56fe\u50cf[36]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

1.1.3 <\/b><\/strong>\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7279\u6027\uff08<\/b><\/strong>Nonlinear Properties<\/b><\/strong>\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u5305\u62ec\u53cc\u5149\u5b50\u5438\u6536\uff08TPA\uff09\uff0c\u53cc\u5149\u5b50\u8367\u5149\uff08TPF\uff09\u548c\u4e8c\u6b21\/\u4e09\u6b21\u8c10\u6ce2\u4ea7\u751f\uff08SHG \/ THG\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u591a\u5149\u5b50\u6210\u50cf\u548c\u5149\u5b66\u9650\u5236\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u5019\u9009\u8005[37-40]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u91d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3002Ramakrishna\u7b49\u4eba\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u57281290nm\u5904\u5177\u67092700 GM\uff081 GM = 10-50<\/sup>\u00a0cm4<\/sup>\u00b7s\u00b7photon-1<\/sup>\uff09\u7684\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u7684Au25<\/sub>\uff08SR\uff0918<\/sub>\u7684\u6709\u6548\u53cc\u5149\u5b50\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u53d1\u5c04\u5cf0\u5728830nm\u5904\uff08\u56fe9\uff09[37]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u7cbe\u786e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5149\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9610\u660e\u7ed3\u6784\u57fa\u7840\u5e76\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>9<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\uff08A\uff09Au25<\/sub>\u7684\u53cc\u5149\u5b50\u53d1\u5c04\u3002\uff08B\uff09\u529f\u7387\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff08\u659c\u7387\u22482\uff09\u8868\u660e\u53cc\u5149\u5b50\u53d1\u5c04\u3002\u00a0\uff08C\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u91d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9TPA\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u3002\uff08D\uff09\u6bcf\u4e2a\u91d1\u539f\u5b50\u7684TPA\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u968f\u7c07\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u53d8\u5316[37]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

1.1.4 <\/b><\/strong>\u8d85\u5feb\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff08<\/b><\/strong>Ultrafast Dynamics<\/b><\/strong>\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8d85\u5feb\u7535\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f1b\u8c6b\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u7535\u5b50-\u58f0\u5b50\u8026\u5408\u548c\u8f90\u5c04\u53d1\u5c04\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u8be6\u7ec6\u9605\u8bfb\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Theodore Goodson\u00a0III <\/b><\/strong>\u6559\u6388\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4<\/b><\/strong>\u53d1\u8868\u5728Accounts of Chemical Research<\/i><\/em>\u4e0a\u9898\u4e3aAn Ultrafast Look at Au Nanoclusters<\/b><\/strong>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0[41]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5468\u7b49\u4eba[42]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u5728Au20<\/sub>\uff08SR\uff0916<\/sub>\u548c\u78f7\u5316\u6c22\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684Au20<\/sub>\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u6eb6\u5242\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u75d5\u8ff9\u4e2d\u6eb6\u5242\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u7684\u632f\u8361\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u8868\u9762\u914d\u4f53\u548c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6838\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2 <\/b><\/strong>\u5728\u751f\u7269\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.2.1 <\/b><\/strong>\u751f\u7269\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u6210\u50cf<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8367\u5149\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d85\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u5149\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u8367\u5149\u6807\u8bb0\u7269\u3002G. Ulrich Nienhaus<\/b><\/strong>\u6559\u6388\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4<\/b><\/strong>\u53d1\u8868\u5728Nano Today<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u9898\u4e3aUltra-small fluorescent metal nanoclusters: Synthesis and biological applications<\/b><\/strong>[43]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u8367\u5149\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7b56\u7565\u53ca\u5176\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8d85\u7075\u654f\u751f\u7269\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u8367\u5149\u751f\u7269\u6210\u50cf\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u540e\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5176\u6f5c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6311\u6218\uff08\u56fe10\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>10<\/b><\/strong>\uff08\u56fe\u6587\u6458\u8981\uff09\u8367\u5149\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u751f\u7269\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u751f\u7269\u6210\u50cf\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528[43]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1.2.2 <\/b><\/strong>\u9776\u5411\u836f\u7269\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e0e\u8bca\u7597\u4e00\u4f53\u5316<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u6210\u50cf\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u9776\u5411\u8bca\u7597\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u957f\u6625\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u66f2\u5c0f\u521a\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4<\/b><\/strong>\u53d1\u8868\u5728Chemical Society Reviews<\/i><\/em>\u4e0a\u9898\u4e3aMetal nanoclusters: novel probes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications<\/b><\/strong>[44]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\uff0cDNA\u7ec4\u88c5\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u95e8\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u9176\u6a21\u62df\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u548cpH\u8ba1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u7528\u4e8e\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u751f\u7269\u529f\u80fd\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u9884\u8ba1\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u8bca\u65ad\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u6fc0\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6d3b\u8dc3\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u594b\u548c\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6fc0\u53d1\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>1<\/b><\/strong>1<\/b><\/strong>\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe[4<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>4<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2<\/b><\/strong>\u3001<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027<\/b><\/strong>\u53ca\u5176\u50ac\u5316\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1 \u50ac\u5316\u7c7b\u578b<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u8d85\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u9ad8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u4f4e\u914d\u4f4d\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u53ef\u8c03\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8868\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53e3\u888b\u72b6\u4f4d\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u7c7b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u50ac\u5316\u6c27\u5316\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u52a0\u6c22\u3001C-C\u5076\u8054\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u50ac\u5316\u3001\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u3001\u5149\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u5149\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6c34\u5206\u89e3\u548c\u5149\u4f0f\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u50ac\u5316\u7c7b\u578b[2]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2 <\/b><\/strong>\u50ac\u5316\u5e94\u7528<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5e94\u7528\u5916\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5f02\u6e90\u50ac\u5316\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u74e6<\/b><\/strong>\u4f26\u897f\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Avelino Corma<\/b><\/strong><\/a>\u6559\u6388<\/b><\/strong>\u53d1\u8868\u5728Chemical Reviews<\/i><\/em>\u4e0a\u9898\u4e3aMetal Catalysts for Heterogeneous Catalysis: From Single Atoms to Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles<\/b><\/strong>[45]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5355\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u51e0\u4f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5355\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ecCO\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u52a0\u6c22\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u548c\u5149\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6cb3\u6ee8\u5206\u6821\u7684\u6c5f\u5fb7\u6069\u6559\u6388\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4<\/b><\/strong>\u53d1\u8868\u5728Accounts of Chemical Research<\/i><\/em>\u4e0a\u9898\u4e3aInsights into Interfaces, Stability, Electronic Properties, and Catalytic Activities of Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters from First Principles<\/b><\/strong>[46]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u91d1\u5c5e-\u914d\u4f53\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u666f\u89c2\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5149\u5b66\u5438\u6536\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>1<\/b><\/strong>2<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u5355\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528[4<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>5<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3<\/b><\/strong>\u3001<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u624b\u6027<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u624b\u6027\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u5230\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u5929\u6587\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768430\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u624b\u6027\u4e5f\u5728\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u662f\u7eb3\u7c73\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u624b\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u90e8\u5206\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u624b\u6027\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u5728\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u7269\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u955c\u50cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53e0\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u662f\u624b\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5728\u63ed\u793a\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u4e2d\u7684\u624b\u6027\u4e00\u76f4\u5f88\u795e\u79d8\u3002\u5f53\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u53cd\u8f6c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6216\u5bf9\u79f0\u5e73\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u7c07\u662f\u975e\u624b\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Au18<\/sub>\uff08SR\uff0914<\/sub>\uff08\u5176\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u79f0\u5e73\u9762\uff09\u3002\u00a0\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u624b\u6027\u53ef\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u5355\u5143\u7684\u624b\u6027\u6392\u5217<\/b><\/strong>\u3001\u624b\u6027\u6838<\/b><\/strong>\u3001\u78b3\u5c3e\u7684\u624b\u6027\u6392\u5217<\/b><\/strong>\u3001<\/b><\/strong>\u975e\u624b\u6027\u91d1\u6838\u7684\u624b\u6027\u8bf1\u5bfc<\/b><\/strong>\u56db\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b[2]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u56fd\u7acb\u81ea\u6cbb\u5927\u5b66\u7684Ignacio L. Garz\u00f3n\u6559\u6388\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4<\/b><\/strong>\u53d1\u8868\u5728Advances in Physics: X<\/i><\/em>\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u9898\u4e3aChirality in bare and ligand-protected metal nanoclusters<\/b><\/strong>[47]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u5173\u4e8e\u88f8\u9732\u548c\u914d\u4f53\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u624b\u6027\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u624b\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u51e0\u4f55\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5176\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u51e0\u4f55\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0e\u5149\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u4ece\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5706\u4e8c\u8272\u5149\u8c31\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/b><\/strong>1<\/b><\/strong>3<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u624b\u6027\u91d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/b><\/strong>\u3002<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(a) Au<\/b><\/strong>38<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>(SCH<\/b><\/strong>3<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>)<\/b><\/strong>24<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>\uff0c<\/b><\/strong>(b) Au<\/b><\/strong>44<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>(SCH<\/b><\/strong>3<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>)<\/b><\/strong>28<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>\uff0c<\/b><\/strong>(c) Au<\/b><\/strong>52<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>(SCH<\/b><\/strong>3<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>)<\/b><\/strong>32<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>\uff0c<\/b><\/strong>\u548c(d) Au<\/b><\/strong>102<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>(SCH<\/b><\/strong>3<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>)<\/b><\/strong>44<\/b><\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>[4<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>7<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>]<\/b><\/sup><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001<\/b><\/strong>\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u5408\u6210\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u9762<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cn <\u7ea650\uff09\u3002\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7100\u4e2a\u91d1\u5c5e\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5de8\u578b\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u5f80\u5f80\u7279\u522b\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u9884\u8ba1\u4f1a\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5b8f\u4f1f\u7684\u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u56fe\u6848\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0e\u5c3a\u5bf8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u5bf9\u6750\u6599\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u5c06\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u7ed3\u6676\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5de8\u578b\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u4f53Au\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c5-nm\u9897\u7c92\uff09\u3002\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f4\u5f84\u5927\u4e8e2nm\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u6676\u8fd9\u79cd\u9897\u7c92\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7X\u5c04\u7ebf\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u786e\u5b9a\u603b\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

2.<\/b><\/strong>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ecb\u5b54\u7845\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7b49\u5927\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u90a3\u4e48\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u771f\u91d1\u4e0d\u6015\u706b\u70bc\u3002\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\uff0c\u522b\u8bf4\u9047\u5230\u706b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6e29\u5ea6\u7a0d\u5fae\u9ad8\u4e8e100\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u574f\u4e86\u3002\u9996\u5148\u91d1\u5c5e\u672c\u8eab\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027Au> Ag> Cu\uff08\u6700\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u91d1\u5c5e\u6838\u4e0e\u914d\u4f53\u7ed3\u5408\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u987a\u5e8f\u5219\u4e3a\u91d1-\u786b\u9187\u76d0\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u4ef7\u952e>\u91d1-\u81a6\uff08\u6216\u80fa\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u952e>\u91d1\u00a0-\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u76d0\u4e2d\u7684\u5f31\u5438\u9644\uff08\u6700\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f15\u7528\u51e0\u4f55\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u58f3\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5e7b\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u672a\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u9610\u660e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4ece\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u540e\u4eba\u6478\u7d22\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

3.<\/b><\/strong>\u53d1\u5149\u8d77\u6e90<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u53d1\u5149\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bb2\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u91cf\u5b50\u4ea7\u7387\u4ecd\u662f\u9700\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u805a\u96c6\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8367\u5149\uff0c\u94f6\u63ba\u6742\uff0c\u914d\u4f53-\u58f3\u4f53\u521a\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u56e2\u7c07\u4e2d\u53d1\u5149\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c1c\u56e2\u3002<\/p>\n

4.<\/b><\/strong>\u751f\u7269\u9886\u57df\u65b0\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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5.<\/b><\/strong>\u50ac\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u9700\u8981<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e03\u3001<\/b><\/strong>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff08\u6807\u7ea2\u7684\u4e3a\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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[2] Jin, R.; Zeng, C.; Zhou, M.; Chen, Y. Atomically Precise Colloidal Metal Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles: Fundamentals and Opportunities. Chem. Rev.<\/i><\/em>\u00a02016<\/b><\/strong>, 116<\/i><\/em>, 10346-10413.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[5] Yao, Q.; Yuan, X.; Fung, V.; Yu, Y.; Leong, D. T.; Jiang, D.-e.; Xie, J. Understanding Seed-Mediated Growth of Gold Nanoclusters at Molecular Level. Nat. Commun.<\/i><\/em>\u00a02017<\/b><\/strong>, 8<\/i><\/em>, 927.<\/p>\n

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[10] Negishi, Y.; Chaki, N. K.; Shichibu, Y.; Whetten, R. L.; Tsukuda, T. Origin of Magic Stability of Thiolated Gold Clusters: A Case Study on Au25<\/sub>(SC6<\/sub>H13<\/sub>)18<\/sub>.\u00a0J. Am. Chem. Soc.<\/i><\/em>\u00a02007<\/b><\/strong>, 129,<\/i><\/em>\u00a011322-11323.<\/p>\n

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