\u6700\u8fd1\u5c0f\u7f16\u5728\u8ffd\u300a\u5927\u6c5f\u5927\u6cb3\u300b\u8fd9\u90e8\u5267\u3002\u5f00\u7bc7\u7684\u5b8b\u8fd0\u8f89\u8f97\u8f6c\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u5b66\u5165\u5b66\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u5267\u60c5\u8ba9\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u8f6c\u773c\u95f4\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u5df240\u5e74\u300240\u5e74\u524d\u5165\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4eca\u5929\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\uff1f\u5c0f\u7f16\u67e5\u9605\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6570\u4f4d1977-1979\u5e74\u95f4\u5165\u5b66\u7684\u6750\u6599&\u5316\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9ec4\u7ef4<\/p>\n
1979\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5e08\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u754c\u6cf0\u6597\u5510\u6709\u797a\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u3001\u7855\u58eb\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c1993\u5e7412\u6708\u8d74\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u505a\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u73b0\u62c5\u4efb\u897f\u5317\u5de5\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66\u515a\u59d4\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u5e38\u52a1\u526f\u6821\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9ec4\u7ef4\u9662\u58eb\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u67d4\u6027\u7535\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u9886\u57df\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d74\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u505a\u535a\u540e\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u611f\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u7535\u5b50\u5904\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u79d1\u6280\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u6f5c\u529b\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u6bc5\u7136\u653e\u5f03\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6295\u8eab\u5230\u6709\u673a\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002\u9ec4\u7ef4\u9662\u58eb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u673a\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53p-n\u80fd\u5e26\u8c03\u63a7\u7406\u8bba\uff1b\u9488\u5bf9\u84dd\u5149\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u5668\u4ef6\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u84dd\u5149\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u63a7\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
2011\u5e74\uff0c\u9ec4\u7ef4\u5f53\u9009\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c2016\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5916\u7c4d\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e25\u7eaf\u534e<\/p>\n
1978\u5e7410\u6708\u8003\u5165\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u3001\u7855\u58eb\u3001\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u540e\u7559\u6821\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e25\u7eaf\u534e\u9662\u58eb\u4ece\u4e8b\u7a00\u571f\u5206\u79bb\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u53ca\u7a00\u571f\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u201c\u4e32\u7ea7\u8403\u53d6\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u53ca\u7a00\u571f\u5206\u79bb\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u7eaf\u91cd\u7a00\u571f\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\uff1b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u8054\u52a8\u8403\u53d6\u5de5\u827a\u201d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7a00\u571f\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7684\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u5907\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7a00\u571f\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u53d1\u5149\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u7a00\u571f\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u6750\u6599\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5f71\u50cf\u548c\u751f\u7269\u50ac\u5316\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n
2011\u5e74\uff0c\u4e25\u7eaf\u534e\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c2012\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662(TWAS)\u9662\u58eb\u30022016\u5e7410\u6708\u4efb\u5357\u5f00\u5927\u5b66\u515a\u59d4\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u526f\u6821\u957f\u30022017\u5e7412\u6708\u4efb\u5170\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\uff08\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u7ea7\uff09\u3001\u515a\u59d4\u526f\u4e66\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5357\u7b56\u6587<\/p>\n
1978\u5e74\u8003\u5165\u534e\u4e1c\u5316\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff081993\u5e74\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u534e\u4e1c\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u5b66\u58eb\u3001\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff1b1985\u5e74\u7855\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u6b66\u6c49\u5de5\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66\u6750\u6599\u7cfb\u4efb\u6559\uff0c1992\u5e74\u4ece\u6b66\u6c49\u5de5\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u5728\u804c\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5357\u7b56\u6587\u9662\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u94c1\u6027\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u5668\u4ef6\u3001\u6709\u673a\uff0d\u65e0\u673a\u590d\u5408\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u3001\u9502\u7535\u6c60\u7528\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u56fa\u6001\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u53ca\u6b63\u6781\u6750\u6599\u3001\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u3001\u6750\u6599\u663e\u5fae\u7ed3\u6784-\u6027\u80fd\u5173\u8054\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ca\u9884\u6d4b\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u590d\u6742\u591a\u573a\u8026\u5408\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4ecb\u8d28\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b8f\u89c2\u591a\u573a\u8026\u5408\u6027\u80fd\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u94c1\u78c1\u5408\u91d1\u57fa\u78c1\u7535\u590d\u5408\u65b0\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u590d\u5408\u5de8\u78c1\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u591a\u94c1\u6027\u78c1\u7535\u590d\u5408\u8584\u819c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u78c1\u7535\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u53ca\u4f20\u611f\u5143\u4ef6\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u975e\u5747\u8d28\u6750\u6599\u754c\u9762\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u5b8f\u89c2\u7269\u7406\u8f93\u8fd0\u6027\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4ecb\u8d28\u6a21\u578b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u5728\u754c\u9762\u6a21\u578b\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u65b0\u578b\u9ad8\u4ecb\u7535\u6750\u6599\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u9502\u7535\u6c60\u7528\u590d\u5408\u56fa\u6001\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5357\u7b56\u6587\u9662\u58eb1999\u5e74\u8c03\u4efb\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6750\u6599\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff1b2000\u5e74\u83b7\u8058\u4e3a\u957f\u6c5f\u5b66\u8005\u5956\u52b1\u8ba1\u5212\u7279\u8058\u6559\u6388\uff1b2005\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5956\u4e8c\u7b49\u5956\uff1b2006\u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u59d4\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b66\u672f\u5e26\u5934\u4eba\uff1b2011\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff1b2012\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8c22\u5efa\u65b0<\/p>\n
1978\u5e74\u8003\u5165\u4e2d\u5357\u77ff\u51b6\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u73b0\u4e2d\u5357\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u91d1\u5c5e\u538b\u529b\u52a0\u5de5\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u5b66\u58eb\u3001\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u30021991\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u65e5\u672c\u4e1c\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u6750\u6599\u52a0\u5de5\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c1995\u5e74\u56de\u56fd\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u81f3\u4eca\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8c22\u5efa\u65b0\u9662\u58eb\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u91d1\u5c5e\u63a7\u5236\u51dd\u56fa\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u6210\u5f62\uff0c\u5148\u8fdb\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u5236\u5907\u4e0e\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u5236\u5907\u52a0\u5de5\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6324\u538b\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e0e\u822a\u5929\u822a\u7a7a\u5173\u952e\u94dd\u6750\u6324\u538b\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u94a2\u3001\u94dc\u5408\u91d1\u548c\u94dc\u94dd\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u77ed\u6d41\u7a0b\u52a0\u5de5\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u952e\u88c5\u5907\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u7cfb\u5217\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6210\u679c\u83b7\u56fd\u5bb6\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u660e\u4e8c\u7b49\u59561\u9879\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e8c\u7b49\u59562\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8c22\u5efa\u65b0\u9662\u58eb2001\u5e74\u88ab\u8058\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\u6c5f\u5b66\u8005\u5956\u52b1\u8ba1\u5212\u201c\u7279\u8058\u6559\u6388\u201d,2002\u5e74\u83b7\u56fd\u5bb6\u6770\u51fa\u9752\u5e74\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c2015\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e07\u7acb\u9a8f<\/p>\n
1982 \u5e741\u6708\u672c\u79d1\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u5927\u8fde\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\uff0c1987\u5e746\u6708\u4e8e\u5927\u8fde\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u83b7\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c1996\u5e743\u6708\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4e1c\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u83b7\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c1998\u5e74\u56de\u56fd\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e07\u7acb\u9a8f\u9662\u58eb\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u626b\u63cf\u63a2\u9488\u663e\u5fae\u5b66\u3001\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u5316\u5b66\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u63a2\u9488\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u8868\u9762\u5206\u5b50\u5438\u9644\u548c\u7ec4\u88c5\u89c4\u5f8b\u3001\u7eb3\u7c73\u56fe\u6848\u5316\u3001\u8868\u9762\u624b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u7cfb\u5217\u6210\u679c\u3002\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u80fd\u6e90\u8f6c\u5316\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u8868\u754c\u9762\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u5236\u5907\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u548c\u6750\u6599\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5236\u5907\u4e86\u7cfb\u5217\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6750\u6599\u548c\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u6b63\u8d1f\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e07\u7acb\u9a8f\u9662\u58eb2000\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u6770\u51fa\u9752\u5e74\u57fa\u91d1\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c2009\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c2010\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5510\u672c\u5fe0<\/p>\n
1982\u5e74\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u534e\u5357\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\uff0c\u83b7\u5de5\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u30021985\u5e74\u30011988\u5e74\u83b7\u65e5\u672c\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u3001\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n
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