{"id":161347,"date":"2018-12-11T06:30:33","date_gmt":"2018-12-10T22:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=161347"},"modified":"2018-12-10T19:11:42","modified_gmt":"2018-12-10T11:11:42","slug":"%e6%88%b4%e9%bb%8e%e6%98%8eadv-mater-%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0-%e7%a2%b3%e5%9f%ba%e9%9d%9e%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e5%82%ac%e5%8c%96%e5%89%82%e5%9c%a8%e8%83%bd%e9%87%8f%e8%bd%ac%e6%8d%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=161347","title":{"rendered":"\u6234\u9ece\u660eAdv. Mater.\u7efc\u8ff0: \u78b3\u57fa\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u50a8\u5b58\u5173\u952e\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n \u6e05\u6d01\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u3001\u7535\u6c60\u3001\u5206\u89e3\u6c34\u548c\u78b3\/\u6c2e\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u671b\u89e3\u51b3\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6311\u6218\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e(\u6c27\u5316\u7269)\u57fa\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u53d7\u5230\u6210\u672c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4f4e\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5dee\u3001\u6742\u8d28\u4e2d\u6bd2\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f71\u54cd\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e9f\u5f85\u5f00\u53d1\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u5ec9\u3001\u6613\u5f97\u4e14\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u57fa\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u76f8\u5f53\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u57fa\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002
\n \u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u78b3\u57fa\u50ac\u5316\u5242(CMFCs)\uff0c\u5373\u5305\u62ec\u6742\u539f\u5b50(\u5982N\/B\/O\/S\/F\/P)\u63ba\u6742\u7684\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u3001\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u3001\u78b3\u70b9\u3001\u6c2e\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u77f3\u58a8\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e\u6d89\u53ca\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u50a8\u5b58\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u952e\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u6700\u8fd1CMFCs\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u6210\u672c\u5408\u9002\u4e14\u8010\u7528\u7684\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u50ac\u5316\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u952e\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f7fCMFC\u5728\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u8d85\u8d8a\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6210\u679c\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n \u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u51ef\u65af\u897f\u50a8\u5927\u5b66\u6234\u9ece\u660e\u6559\u6388(\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005)\u4e0e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005<\/strong>\u5bf9\u78b3\u57fa\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7b80\u8981\u3001\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8bc4\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u5728Adv. Mater.<\/strong>\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u201cCarbon-Based Metal-Free Catalysts for Key Reactions Involved in Energy Conversion and Storage<\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u91cd\u70b9\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86CMFCs\u5728\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u8f6c\u5316\u548c\u50a8\u5b58\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c27\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u6790\u6c22\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u6790\u6c27\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cc\u529f\u80fd\/\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u7535\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u7406\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u5408\u6210CMFC\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fe\u6587\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/strong>
\n 1\uff0eCMFCs\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe1 \u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684CMFCs\u53ca\u5728ORR\u4e2d\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e(\u6c27\u5316\u7269)\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ece0D\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u91cf\u5b50\u70b9\uff0c1D\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u548c2D\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7247\u52303D\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u548c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53d8\u5316\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5404\u79cd\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c06\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u63ba\u6742\u5165\u77f3\u58a8\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u53ef\u8c03\u63a7\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5149\/\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u78b3\u57fa\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5236\u5907\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u6784\u660e\u786e\u7684\u78b3\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u6d89\u53ca\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u7406\u3002CMFCs\u9664\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7528\u4e8eORR\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u7528\u4e8eOER\u3001HER\u3001CO2<\/sub>RR\u3001NRR\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u91cd\u53cd\u5e94(\u4f8b\u5982HER-ORR\u3001OER-ORR)\u3002\u9664\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u5916\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u5242(\u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599)\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7531\u4e8eCMFC\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u50a8\u91cf\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982C\u3001B\u3001N\u548cO\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u8f83\u91d1\u5c5e\u57fa\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u66f4\u5177\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u3002CMFC\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u71c3\u6599\u8010\u53d7\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u8010\u8150\u8680\u6027\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u9009\u62e9\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u50ac\u5316\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u80fd\u6e90\u8f6c\u6362\/\u50a8\u5b58\u6280\u672f(\u5982\u76f4\u63a5\u7532\u9187\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60)\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCMFC\u6709\u671b\u8d85\u8d8a\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u5e94\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

2\uff0e\u5148\u8fdb\u78b3\u57fa\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>
\n \u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u78b3\u57fa\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5bf9\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u6280\u672f\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u5e74\u6587\u732e\u6570\u91cf\u4ecd\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u6700\u8fd1\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u5148\u8fdbCMFC\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u53ef\u63a7\u63ba\u6742\u3001\u7eb3\u7c73-\u4e2d\u89c2-\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee5\u53ca\u78b3\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u4fee\u9970\u3002<\/p>\n

2.1 \u53ef\u63a7\u63ba\u6742<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe2 \u53ef\u63a7\u63ba\u6742\u5236\u5907CMFCs<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u63ba\u6742\u78b3\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u6e90\u4e8e\u63ba\u6742\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63ba\u6742\u5242\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u542b\u91cf\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u63ba\u6742(\u5982\u5355\u63ba\u6742\u3001\u5171\u63ba\u6742\u548c\u591a\u63ba\u6742)\u78b3\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u78b3\u5408\u6210\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u539f\u4f4d\u63ba\u6742\u6216\u9884\u5f62\u6210\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5408\u6210\u540e\u63ba\u6742\u6765\u5236\u5907\u3002\u4e0e\u5355\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u63ba\u6742\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u63ba\u6742\u77f3\u58a8\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u5df2\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8CMFC\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u6742\u539f\u5b50-\u63ba\u6742\u5242\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2 \u4ecb\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\/\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe3 \u4ecb\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\/\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u63a7\u5236\u5236\u5907CMFCs<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9664\u53ef\u63a7\u63ba\u6742\u53ef\u589e\u5f3a\u5355\u4e00\u5fae\u50ac\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u6d3b\u6027\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ecb\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\/\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u5584CMFC\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u66b4\u9732\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\/\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784(\u5982\u5fae\u5b54\u3001\u4ecb\u5b54\u3001\u5927\u5b54)\u5728\u8c03\u8282\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u66b4\u9732\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269(\u5982O2<\/sub>\u3001OH–<\/sup>\u3001CO2<\/sub>\u548cN2<\/sub>)\u548c\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7684\u6269\u6563\u4e2d\u8d77\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u63a7\u63ba\u6742\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u78b3\u57fa\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5bfc\u7535\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5408\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8c03\u63a7\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\u548c\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fb9\u7f18\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u57fa\u9762\u4e2d\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6838-\u58f3\u6216\u6838-\u9798\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u5c06\u5185\u58c1\u7684\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u4e0e\u542b\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5916\u58c1\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u671b\u6539\u5584\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53d1\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4ecb\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\/\u6216\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u63a7\u5236\u63d0\u9ad8\u78b3\u57fa\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

2.3 \u5316\u5b66\u4fee\u9970<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe4 \u5316\u5b66\u4fee\u9970\u5236\u5907CMFCs<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u63ba\u6742\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u4fee\u9970\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8CMFC\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4fee\u9970\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u5408(\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u5408)\u548c\u7269\u7406\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9759\u7535\u529b\u548c\u6c22\u952e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

3\uff0e\u78b3\u57fa\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5728\u5148\u8fdb\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\/\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55<\/strong>
\n 3.1 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\/\u50a8\u5b58\u5668\u4ef6<\/strong>
\n 3.1.1 ORR\u53cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe5 CMFCs\u5728ORR\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528(1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe6 CMFCs\u5728ORR\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528(2)<\/strong><\/p>\n

ORR\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u6570\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u5408\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4ece\u673a\u7406\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5eORR\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0cORR\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7O2<\/sub>\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3aH2<\/sub>O\u76844e–<\/sup>\u8fd8\u539f\u9014\u5f84\u6216\u4e24\u6b652e–<\/sup>\u9014\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dO2<\/sub>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22(H2<\/sub>O2<\/sub>)\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a2e–<\/sup>\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3aH2<\/sub>O\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cORR\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9650\u901f\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u5438\u9644O2<\/sub>\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u5438\u9644\u7684OOH\u3002\u5bf9\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u63ba\u6742\u7684CMFC\u7684DFT\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u4f18\u5f02\u7684ORR\u6d3b\u6027\u53ef\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8esp2<\/sup>\u78b3\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u63ba\u6742\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7535\u8377\u6216\u81ea\u65cb\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u53ef\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6c27\u5438\u9644\u548c\/\u6216\u968f\u540e\u7684O\u2014O\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u63ba\u6742\u5242\u7684\u6784\u578b\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5171\u63ba\u6742\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u63ba\u6742\u7684CMFC\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u6bd4\u603b\u63ba\u6742\u542b\u91cf\u66f4\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002\u9664\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u78b1\u6027\u6216\u9178\u6027\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fdCMFC\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e5f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

3.1.2 HER\u53cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe7 CMFCs\u5728HER\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528(1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe8 CMFCs\u5728HER\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528(2)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6d89\u53caHER\u548cOER\u7684\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5206\u89e3\u6c34\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4ece\u6c34\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u6c22\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u7684HER\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5e94\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e0e\u5438\u9644\u7684H*\u7684\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8d28\u5b50-\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e0d\u5e94\u592a\u5f3a\u800c\u963b\u788d\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea7\u7269(H2<\/sub>)\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5df2\u77e5Pt\u548cRuO2<\/sub>\u5206\u522b\u662fHER\u548cOER\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u4f46\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u7a00\u7f3a\u6027\u548c\u6210\u672c\u4e25\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u6c34\u5206\u89e3\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7535\u5b50\u7ed9\u4f53\u7279\u6027\u7684CMFC\u662fHER\u7684\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8282\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6c22\u5438\u9644(Volmer\u53cd\u5e94)\u548c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u89e3\u5438(Heyrovsky\u53cd\u5e94)\/\u5316\u5b66\u89e3\u5438(Tafel\u53cd\u5e94)\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7535\u50ac\u5316HER\u6d3b\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u5171\u63ba\u6742\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5076\u8054\u6548\u5e94\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7DFT\u8ba1\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u548c\u652f\u6301\u5076\u8054\u5bf9HER\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0e\u9178\u4e2d\u7684\u6c22\u6790\u51fa\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e2d\u6027\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u50ac\u5316HER\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6c34\u5438\u9644\u548c\u6d3b\u5316\u7684\u989d\u5916\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

3.1.3 OER\u53cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe9 CMFCs\u5728OER\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n

OER\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u89e3\u6c34\u548c\u53ef\u5145\u91d1\u5c5e-\u7a7a\u6c14\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7531\u4e8eOER\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6d3b\u6027\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u9633\u6781\u6c34\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7\u7535\u52bf\u3002\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0csp2<\/sup>-\u5171\u8f6d\u78b3\u57fa\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u8377\/\u81ea\u65cb\u5206\u5e03\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5438\u9644\u548c\u968f\u540e\u65ad\u952e\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u5438\u9644\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4ef7\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u5339\u914d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdbOER\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u63ba\u6742\u5242\u3001\u8fb9\u7f18\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0cCMFC\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e\u5438\u9644\u3001\u89e3\u79bb\u548c\u89e3\u5438\u7684\u524d\u666f\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4eOER\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n

3.1.4 CO2<\/sub>RR\u53cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe10 CMFCs\u5728CO2<\/sub>RR\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528(1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe11 CMFCs\u5728CO2<\/sub>RR\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528(2)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f00\u53d1\u5c06CO2<\/sub>\u6709\u6548\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u71c3\u6599\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5176\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684CO2<\/sub>\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6536\u96c6\u80fd\u6e90\u7269\u8d28(CO\u3001CH4<\/sub>\u548cHCOOH\u7b49)\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u7684CO2<\/sub>\u5206\u5b50\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u5f62\u5f0f(CO2<\/sub>\u00b7)\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u53cd\u5e94(\u5982HER)\u6240\u9700\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u80fd\u91cf\u7d27\u5bc6\u5206\u5e03\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5316\u5b66\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210CO2<\/sub>\u00b7\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u964d\u4f4e\u6c22\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u5408\u548c\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u53d8\u7535\u5b50\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u77f3\u58a8\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0cCMFC\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u6548CO2<\/sub>\u8f6c\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5173\u4e8eCO2<\/sub>RR\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u673a\u7406\u6216\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u6548CO2<\/sub>\u7535\u89e3\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002<\/p>\n

3.1.5 NRR\u53cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe12 CMFCs\u5728NRR\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6c28(NH3<\/sub>)\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u80a5\u6599\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7531Haber-Bosch\u5de5\u827a\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29(350-550 \u2103)\u548c\u9ad8\u538b(150-350 atm)\u4e0b\u5408\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6e29\u548c\u6761\u4ef6(\u5ba4\u6e29\u5e38\u538b)\u4e0b\u5c06N2<\/sub>\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aNH3<\/sub>\u5341\u5206\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u7279\u522b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u8fd8\u539f\u5242(H2<\/sub>)\u548c\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u56fa\u6c2e\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u4e0eCO2<\/sub>RR\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cNRR\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u5206\u79bb\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684N\u2014N\u952e\uff0c\u5176\u89e3\u79bb\u80fd\u9ad8\u8fbe\u2248945.6 kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0cNRR\u6bd4CO2<\/sub>RR\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cN2<\/sub>\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5438\u9644\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u548c\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e25\u91cd\u963b\u788d\u4e86NRR\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ea7\u7387\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u57fa\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5df2\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5c06N2<\/sub>\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aNH3<\/sub>\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u5f62\u8c8c\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u8c03\u7684CMFC\u6709\u671b\u5728\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u56fa\u6c2e\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2 \u53cc\u529f\u80fd\u7535\u50ac\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe13 CMFCs\u5728\u53cc\u529f\u80fd\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1ORR-OER\u3001HER-ORR\u6216HER- OER \u7684\u53cc\u529f\u80fd\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7535\u6781\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6280\u672f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91d1\u5c5e-\u7a7a\u6c14\u7535\u6c60\u3001\u7535\u89e3\u6c60\u4ee5\u53ca\u518d\u751f\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u3002 \u4e0e\u7528\u4e8eORR\uff0cHER\u548cOER\u7684\u5355\u529f\u80fd\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53cc\u529f\u80fdCMFC\u5728\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c11\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

3.3 \u591a\u529f\u80fd\u7535\u50ac\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe14 CMFCs\u5728\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pt\u57fa\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fORR\u548cHER\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5bf9OER\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5dee\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982RuO2<\/sub>\u548cIrO2<\/sub>\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab\u7528\u4f5cOER\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684HER\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u8981\u6c42\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u7528\u4e8eORR\uff0cOER\u548cHER\u7684\u4e09\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff0cCMFC\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4e09\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5019\u9009\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5c0f\u7ed3\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u56de\u987e\u4e86CMFC\u5728\u5148\u8fdb\u80fd\u6e90\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86CMFC\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u5408\u6210\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u5668\u4ef6\u5236\u9020\u548c\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u521b\u65b0\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6700\u8fd1CMFCs\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u6210\u672c\u5408\u9002\u4e14\u8010\u7528\u7684\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u50ac\u5316\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u952e\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f7fCMFC\u5728\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u8d85\u8d8a\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5\uff1aCarbon-Based Metal-Free Catalysts for Key Reactions Involved in Energy Conversion and Storage<\/a> <\/strong>(Adv. Mater.<\/strong>, 2018, DOI: 10.1002\/adma.201801526)<\/p>\n

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