{"id":155216,"date":"2018-10-03T08:00:07","date_gmt":"2018-10-03T00:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=155216"},"modified":"2018-10-02T20:37:40","modified_gmt":"2018-10-02T12:37:40","slug":"%e7%94%b5%e5%ad%90%e7%a7%91%e5%a4%a7%e5%82%ac%e5%8c%96%e9%87%8d%e7%a3%85nat-common-%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%a7%e6%b0%94%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e4%b8%8b%e7%94%b5%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%a6%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e5%9b%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=155216","title":{"rendered":"\u7535\u5b50\u79d1\u5927\u50ac\u5316\u91cd\u78c5Nat. Common.\uff1a\u5927\u6c14\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u4eba\u5de5\u56fa\u6c2e"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5c06\u5929\u7136\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6c2e\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6c28\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff08\u751f\u7269\uff09\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6311\u6218\u3002\u6c28\u662f\u5236\u9020\u5408\u6210\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\uff0c\u5982\u80a5\u6599\u3001\u836f\u5242\u3001\u67d3\u6599\u3001\u70b8\u836f\u548c\u6811\u8102\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u6599\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6c22\u6c14\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\uff0817.6\uff05\uff09\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff084.3 kWh h-1<\/sup>\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528NH3<\/sub>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66ff\u4ee3\u80fd\u6e90\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5bf9NH3<\/sub>\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u56fa\u6c2e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u89c4\u6a21\u7684NH3<\/sub>\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760Haber-Bosch\u5de5\u827a\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u9ad8\u538b\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528N2<\/sub>\u548c\u6c22\u6c14\uff08H2<\/sub>\uff09\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5360\u5168\u7403\u80fd\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u7684\u7ea62\uff05\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u7684N2<\/sub>\u56fa\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u662f\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29\u548c\u4f4e\u538b\u4e0b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n \u751f\u7269\u56fa\u6c2e\u7531\u56fa\u6c2e\u9176\u5728\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a\u8d28\u5b50\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u6b65\u9aa4\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7531\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7\uff08ATP\uff09\u9012\u9001\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f13\u821e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8d28\u5b50\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66N2<\/sub>\u8fd8\u539f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6765\u81ea\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u6216\u98ce\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u548c\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u4eba\u5de5N2<\/sub>\u56fa\u5b9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u73af\u4fdd\u5de5\u827a\u3002<\/p>\n \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d7\u5230N2<\/sub>\u6d3b\u5316\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u963b\u788d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e8eN2<\/sub>\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff08NRR\uff09\u7684\u6709\u6548\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u78b3\u5316\u787c\uff08B4<\/sub>C\uff09\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6700\u786c\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0e\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u548c\u7acb\u65b9\u6c2e\u5316\u787c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u673a\u68b0\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\uff08\u7535\uff09\u5316\u5b66\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4f20\u5bfc\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7528\u9014\u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u6c60\u548c\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u57fa\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n \u3010\u6210\u679c\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n \u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b59\u65ed\u5e73\u6559\u6388\uff08\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff09\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u90b1\u4f1f\u658c\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u9876\u7ea7\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u671f\u520aNat. Common.<\/em><\/strong>\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a\u201cHigh-performance artificial nitrogen fixation at ambient conditions using a metal-free electrocatalyst\u201d<\/strong>\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u2014\u78b3\u5316\u787c\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\uff0c\u8be5\u7eb3\u7c73\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u5e38\u538b\u6761\u4ef6\uff08ambient conditions\uff09\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u3002\u8be5\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b026.57 \u03bcg h-1<\/sup>mg-1<\/sup>cat<\/sub>\u7684\u9ad8\u6c28\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728-0.75 V vs \u53ef\u9006\u6c22\u7535\u6781\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u8fbe15.95\uff05\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u6c34\u57fa\u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u53ef\u559c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u9ad8\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6cdb\u51fd\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bf9\u8be5\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u673a\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n \u3010\u56fe\u6587\u5bfc\u8bfb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>1. B4<\/sub>C<\/strong>\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u7ec4\u6210\u8868\u5f81\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>2.<\/strong> \u7535\u50ac\u5316\u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>3. <\/strong>\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>4. <\/strong>\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6cdb\u51fd\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528Perdew\uff0cBurke\u548cErnzerhof\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6cdb\u51fd\u7406\u8bba\uff08DFT\uff09\u4e0eGrimme\uff08PBE-D\uff09\u7684\u8272\u6563\u6821\u6b63\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86B4<\/sub>C\uff08110\uff09\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u50ac\u5316N2<\/sub>\u56fa\u5b9a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4ece\u7aef\u90e8\u5438\u9644\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>\u3010\u5c0f\u7ed3\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86B4<\/sub>C\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u56fa\u6c2e\u5408\u6210NH3<\/sub>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u5e38\u538b\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u3002\u8be5\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b026.57 \u03bcg h-1<\/sup> mg-1<\/sup>cat<\/sub>\u7684\u9ad8NH3<\/sub>\u4ea7\u7387\u3002\u57280.1M HCl\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728-0.75V\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u5177\u670915.95\uff05\u7684\u9ad8\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u9ad8\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0cB4<\/sub>C\/CPE\u5728\u4e2d\u6027\u57f9\u517b\u57fa\u4e2d\u4ecd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u826f\u597d\u7684NRR\u6d3b\u6027\u3002DFT\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8be5\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u9650\u901f\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f*NH2<\/sub>-*NH2<\/sub>\u2192*NH2<\/sub>-*NH3<\/sub>\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3aNH3<\/sub>\u5408\u6210\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3a\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u57fa\u4e8eB4<\/sub>C\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u65b0\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\na. B4<\/sub>C\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\uff08XRD\uff09\u56fe\uff1bb. \u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\uff08TEM\uff09\u663e\u5fae\u7167\u7247\uff1bc. \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u653e\u5927\u7684B4<\/sub>C\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u7684TEM\u56fe\u50cf\uff1bd. \u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387TEM\u56fe\u50cf\uff1be. \u9009\u62e9\u533a\u57df\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\uff08SAED\uff09\u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c3a\uff0cb 1\u03bcm; c 300 nm; d 5 nm; e 5nm-1<\/sup>; f. \u5728B 1s\u533a\u57df\u4e2dB4<\/sub>C\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u7535\u8c31\uff1b g. \u5728C 1s\u533a\u57df\u4e2dB4<\/sub>C\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u7535\u8c31\u3002<\/p>\n
a. \u5728N2<\/sub>\u9971\u548c\u76840.1M HCl\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba1\u65f6\u7535\u6d41\u6cd5\u66f2\u7ebf\uff1b b. \u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7535\u89e32\u5c0f\u65f6\uff087200\u79d2\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u975b\u915a\u6307\u793a\u5242\u67d3\u8272\u76840.1M HCl\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7684\u7d2b\u5916-\u53ef\u89c1\uff08UV-Vis\uff09\u5438\u6536\u5149\u8c31; c. \u57280.1M HCl\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7684NH3<\/sub>\u7684\u4ea7\u7387\u548c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6548\u7387; d. \u5728\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c-0.75 V\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7535\u89e32\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u78b3\u7eb8\u7535\u6781\uff08CPE\uff09\u548cB4<\/sub>C\/CPE\u7535\u6781\u4ea7\u751f\u7684NH3<\/sub>\u7684\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
a. \u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf; b. B4<\/sub>C\/\u78b3\u7eb8\u7535\u6781\uff08CPE\uff09\u5728\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b,-0.75 V\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n