{"id":151980,"date":"2018-08-27T06:10:57","date_gmt":"2018-08-26T22:10:57","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=151980"},"modified":"2018-08-26T19:50:15","modified_gmt":"2018-08-26T11:50:15","slug":"151980","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=151980","title":{"rendered":"\u4e9a\u57c3\u5206\u8fa8\u7387 \u2014 \u7535\u955c\u4e0e\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u4e4b\u503e\u4e16\u60c5\u7f18"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-131967\" src=\"http:\/\/dn.cailiaoniu.com\/2018\/03\/ceshi-s.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" srcset=\"http:\/\/dn.cailiaoniu.com\/2018\/03\/ceshi-s.png 700w, http:\/\/dn.cailiaoniu.com\/2018\/03\/ceshi-s-300x166.png 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"388\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u9080\u8bf7\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u4e13\u680f\u79d1\u6280\u987e\u95ee\u621a\u6d69\u8fdc\u64b0\u7a3f\u7403\u5dee\u7535\u955c\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[\u4f5c\u8005\u6ce8: \u672c\u6587\u7b80\u8ff0\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55(Aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy)\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u5373\u5e73\u884c\u5165\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u5149\u675f\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u626b\u63cf\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c(Scanning transmission electron microscopy)\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5386\u53f2\u56de\u987e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u8d77\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\uff0c \u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5148\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8be6\u7684\u540d\u5b57 Louis de Broglie\u3002 1924\u5e74\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec532\u5c81\u7684de Broglie\u5728\u5176\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u629b\u51fa\u4e86\u60ca\u4e16\u9a87\u4fd7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6ce2\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u8fd0\u52a8\u7535\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u6ce2\u957f\u5e76\u4e0e\u5176\u52a8\u91cf\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u5ef6\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u5207\u7269\u8d28\u7686\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u6d6a\u9ad8\u8fc7\u4e00\u6d6a\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u58f0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7b49\u5f85\u592a\u4e45\u30021927\u5e74\uff0c\u8fdc\u5728\u5927\u6d0b\u5f7c\u5cb8\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\uff0cClinton Davisson\u4e0eLester Germer\u6b63\u5c06\u4e00\u675f\u4f4e\u901f\u7535\u5b50\u5c04\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u954d\u6676\u4f53\u6807\u9776\uff0c\u5e76\u5171\u540c\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u56fe\u6837\u3002\u5728\u7ec6\u5fc3\u6d4b\u91cf\u6563\u5c04\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u5f3a\u5ea6\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u56fe\u6848\u4e0eX\u5c04\u7ebfBragg\u884d\u5c04\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u6ce2\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u6700\u5174\u594b\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662fDavisson\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662fGermer\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5df4\u9ece\u5c0f\u4f19de Broglie\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bfa\u5956\u5728\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e24\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e(1929)\u4fbf\u4e34\u5e78\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u9752\u5e74\u624d\u4fca\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u8bb0\u8f69\u7136\u5927\u6ce2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Ernst Ruska\u6b63\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u5de5\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66 (Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin)\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u65e2\u7136\u7535\u5b50\u4e5f\u6709\u6ce2\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u6ce2\u957f\u4e0e\u52a8\u91cf\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u52a0\u901f\u540e\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u663e\u5fae\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u5149\u5b66\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\uff0c\u8fce\u5a36\u767d\u5bcc\u7f8e\uff0c\u51fa\u4efbCEO\uff0c\u8d70\u4e0a\u4eba\u751f\u5dc5\u5cf0\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u5206\u949f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002[\u4f5c\u8005\u6ce8: 1873\u5e74\uff0c Ernst Abbe\u63d0\u51fa\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u7528\u4ee5\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u5c04\u7ebf\u7684\u6ce2\u957f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u5206\u8fa8\u7387 \u00a0, \u5176\u4e2d\u03bb\u4e3a\u6ce2\u957f\uff0cNA\u4e3a\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5b54\u5f84\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u6ce2\u957f\u4e3a\u51e0\u767e\u7eb3\u7c73\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5149\u5b66\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u3002\u5982\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u7535\u5b50\u6ce2\u957f\uff0c \u5373\u51e0\u4e2a\u76ae\u7c73\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u663e\u8457\u7684\u63d0\u5347] \u6b64\u65f6Ruska\u7684\u540c\u4e8bMax Knoll\u4e5f\u5df2\u8bc1\u660e\u7535\u78c1\u68f1\u955c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u805a\u7126\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u5e76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7535\u5b50\u5149\u8def\u30021931\u5e74\uff0cRuska\u4e0eKnoll\u4e8c\u4eba\u5408\u529b\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c(transmission electron microscope, \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0TEM)\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u30021933\u5e74\uff0cRuska\u5efa\u9020\u7684TEM\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8d8a\u5149\u5b66\u663e\u5fae\u955c\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u663e\u5fae\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[\u9898\u5916\u8bdd: 1929\u5e74\uff0cde Broglie\u5e74\u4ec537\u5c81\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u907f\u5f00\u4e86\u5929\u5992\u82f1\u624d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6865\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e8e1987\u5e74\u4ee594\u5c81\u9ad8\u9f84\u79bb\u4e16\uff0c\u59a5\u59a5\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u8d62\u5bb6\u3002 \u800cRuska\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bfa\u5956\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u957f\u8fbe\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u76f4\u52301986\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1988\u5e74\u79bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u529f\u5fb7\u5706\u6ee1\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u8eab\u4f53\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u613f\u5404\u4f4d\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u91cd\u517b\u751f\u3002]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u906d\u9047\u74f6\u9888<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0cTEM\u6280\u672f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8ba9Ruska\u90fd\u59cb\u6599\u672a\u53ca\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5546\u4e1a\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u5df2\u4e8e1936\u5e74\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u9762\u5e02\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u768470\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0cTEM\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u8fd1Abbe\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce2\u957f\u9650\u5236\u3002\u800c\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u68f1\u955c\u4e2d\u7684\u7403\u5f62\u76f8\u5dee (spherical aberration)\u3002\u56fe\u4e00\u4e2d\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7403\u5f62\u76f8\u5dee\u5bf9\u4e8eTEM\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b (\u56fe\u4e00a)\uff0c\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9(point object)\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7269\u955c(objective lens)\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u50cf\u4e5f\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7531\u4e8eTEM\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u68f1\u955c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u5927\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u5165\u7269\u955c\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u6c47\u805a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u901a\u8fc7TEM\u89c2\u6d4b\u539f\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u5728\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u6210\u50cf\u540e\u6269\u6563\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\uff0c \u9020\u6210\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u4e0b\u964d (\u56fe\u4e00b)\u30021949\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Otto Scherzer\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7403\u5f62\u76f8\u5dee\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\u7269\u955c\u7684\u79bb\u7126\u91cf(defocus)\u4f18\u5316\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fe\u50cf\u886c\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684Scherzer\u6b20\u7126\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0cTEM\u7684\u70b9\u5206\u8fa8\u7387(r)\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7403\u5dee\u7cfb\u6570(C<sub>s<\/sub>)\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u5b50\u6ce2\u957f (\u03bb)\uff0c<a href=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/r.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-152016\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/r.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"152\" height=\"42\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/r.png 152w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/r-150x42.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 152px) 100vw, 152px\" \/><\/a>\u5176\u4e2d\u7403\u5dee\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7531TEM\u7269\u955c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\u7684TEM\u4e2d\uff0c\u7403\u5dee\u7cfb\u6570\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u4e14\u5747\u5728\u6beb\u7c73\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u7535\u5b50\u6ce2\u957f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u7535\u538b\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u751f\u4ea7\u7684Philips CM200 (\u52a0\u901f\u7535\u538b200kV)\uff0c\u5176\u7535\u5b50\u6ce2\u957f\u4ec5\u4e3a2.5pm\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u7403\u5dee\u7cfb\u6570\u5374\u9ad8\u8fbe1.2mm\uff0c \u5bfc\u81f4\u70b9\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4ec5\u80fd\u8fbe\u52300.24nm\uff0c \u662f\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u8fd1100\u500d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8be5\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u8db3\u4ee5\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u6676\u683c\u6761\u7eb9\uff0c\u4f46\u8ddd\u79bb\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u6210\u50cf\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6446\u5728\u7535\u955c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u9762\u524d\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u63d0\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u63d0\u9ad8\u52a0\u901f\u7535\u538b\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u7535\u5b50\u6ce2\u957f\uff0c \u8981\u4e48\u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u6821\u6b63\u7269\u955c\u7684\u7403\u5dee\u3002\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5230\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u95f4\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u53d7\u5230\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4f0f\u5230\u4e09\u767e\u4e07\u4f0f\u7684TEM\u63a5\u8fde\u6295\u4ea7\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9ad8\u7535\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u6016\u7684\u8f90\u7167\u635f\u4f24\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fdb\u5165\u7535\u955c\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u6709\u53bb\u65e0\u56de\uff0c\u5f62\u795e\u4ff1\u706d\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u79cd\u7c7b\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u9020\u4ef7\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u8ba9\u8bb8\u591a\u7535\u955c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u671b\u800c\u5374\u6b65\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u7814\u56e2\u961f\u6bc5\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u6761\u9053\u8def\u2014\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u2014\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u8270\u8f9b\u800c\u53c8\u5fc5\u7136\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u5f81\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/1-50.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-151981\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/1-50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"736\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/1-50.jpg 736w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/1-50-300x197.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u4e00 (a)\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7269\u955c(b)\u5e26\u6709\u7403\u5f62\u76f8\u5dee\u7684\u7269\u955c [\u56fe\u50cf\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4f5c\u8005<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7a81\u7834\uff01\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u4e09\u5de8\u5934<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u4e09\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Harald Rose\uff0cMaximilian Haider\u548cKnut Urban\u8d70\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u540c\u653b\u514b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56f0\u6270\u4e86\u7535\u955c\u4e1a\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u96be\u9898\u2014TEM\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u3002Rose\u65e9\u5e74\u5e08\u4eceOtto Scherzer\uff0c \u6df1\u8c19\u7535\u5b50\u5149\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u4ed6\u65e5\u540e\u8bbe\u8ba1TEM\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\u4e2d\u7535\u5b50\u5149\u8def\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002TEM\u4e2d\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56fe\u4e8c\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u62ec\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eTEM\u7684\u7269\u955c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7403\u5f62\u50cf\u5dee\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u70b9\u5728\u6210\u50cf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6269\u6563\u6210\u5706\u76d8(\u56fe\u4e8ca)\u3002 \u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u51f9\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u5c06\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7269\u955c\u540e\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5149\u675f\u53d1\u6563\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u91cd\u65b0\u6c47\u805a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u4f55\u6d88\u9664\u7269\u955c\u7403\u5dee\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u9ad8TEM\u5206\u8fa8\u7387 (\u56fe\u4e8cb)\u3002Scherzer\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5706\u5f62\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u68f1\u955c\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u7684\u53d1\u6563\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u501f\u4e8e\u7535\u78c1\u68f1\u955c\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56db\u6781\uff0c\u516d\u6781\u6216\u516b\u6781\u78c1\u573a (\u56fe\u4e09)<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[ii]<\/a>\u30021990\u5e74\uff0c Rose\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u53cc\u516d\u6781\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668(double-hexapole Cs corrector)\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[iii]<\/a>\u3002 \u57fa\u4e8eRose\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u4e09\u5de8\u5934\u4e8e1991\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5149\u5b66\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u5e76\u4e8e1998\u5e74\u6210\u529f\u7814\u5236\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0TEM\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\u3002\u8be5\u539f\u578b\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\u642d\u8f7d\u4e8e\u7684Philips CM200\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u70b9\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u75310.24nm\u63d0\u5347\u81f30.13nm\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c06\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u4e1a\u5e26\u5165\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u5206\u8fa8\u7684\u5d2d\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3!<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[iv]<\/a> \u4e09\u5de8\u5934\u57282011\u5e74\u5171\u540c\u83b7\u5f97Wolf Prize in Physics\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53d1\u626c\u5149\u5927<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u6b63\u5f0f\u8d70\u5165\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u5e76\u81ea\u6b64\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8bf4\u8d77\u5c06\u8be5\u9879\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u626c\u5149\u5927\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u2014\u56fd\u9645\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u7535\u955c\u4e13\u5bb6\u8d3e\u6625\u6797\u6559\u6388\u3002[\u4f5c\u8005\u6ce8: \u8d3e\u6625\u6797\u6559\u6388\uff0c2015\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u897f\u5b89\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u8d3e\u6625\u6797\u7535\u955c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\uff0c\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u30022010\u5e74\u81f32015\u5e74\uff0c \u897f\u5b89\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u30021993\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u4e8e\u5229\u5e0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH\uff09\u5fae\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8d44\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u5458]\u00a0 \u5f53\u65f6\u4efb\u804c\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e8e\u5229\u5e0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8d3e\u6625\u6797\u6559\u6388\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8d1f\u7403\u5dee\u6210\u50cf\u672f(negative Cs imaging technique, NCSI), \u5373\u5229\u7528\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\u5c06\u7403\u5dee\u7cfb\u6570\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u8fc7\u7126(overfocus)\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316TEM\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u635f\u5931\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8d85\u8f7b\u5143\u7d20(\u4f8b\u5982\u6c27\u539f\u5b50)\u5728\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u886c\u5ea6\u3002\u56fe\u56db\u4e3a\u8d1f\u7403\u5dee\u6210\u50cf\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0bBaTiO<sub>3<\/sub>[011]\u6676\u5411\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u8be5\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6e05\u6670\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4e86\u5b6a\u6676\u754c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ea6\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u56fe\u50cf\u886c\u5ea6\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5148\u6cb3\u3002\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u57282003\u548c2004\u5e74\u8fde\u7eed\u520a\u767b\u4e8eScience\u5e76\u6781\u5927\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u65e5\u540e\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u6280\u672f\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u5e94\u7528<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[v]<\/a>\uff0c<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[vi]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2004\u5e74\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5ea7\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u5fb7\u56fdCEOS\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fdFEI\u516c\u53f8\u643a\u624b[\u4f5c\u8005\u6ce8: CEOS \u516c\u53f8(\u5168\u79f0 Corrected Electron Optical Systems GmbH), \u7531Maximilian Haider\u4e0eJoachim Zach\u4e8e1996\u5e74\u5171\u540c\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7814\u53d1\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5148\u8fdb\u7535\u5b50\u5149\u5b66\u5668\u4ef6 (\u5305\u62ec\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\uff0c\u8272\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\uff0c\u5355\u8272\u5668\u7b49)\u3002FEI\u516c\u53f8(\u5168\u79f0Field Electron and Ion Company)\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u540d\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e8e1971\u5e74\uff0c\u4e8e2016\u5e74\u88abThermo Fisher Scientific\u62db\u5165\u9ebe\u4e0b\u3002] \uff0c\u5c06\u4e09\u5de8\u5934\u7814\u5236\u7684\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\u642d\u8f7d\u4e8eFEI Titan 80-300\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u5728300kV\u52a0\u901f\u7535\u538b\u4e0b\uff0cTitan\u7684\u70b9\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe0.08nm\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u5f0f\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8TEM\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e9a\u57c3(sub-Angstrom)\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u7535\u955c\u5728\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u6750\u6599\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u4e0d\u4e8c\u4e4b\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0[\u9898\u5916\u8bdd: \u4e09\u5de8\u5934\u5728\u7814\u53d1\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u5668\u521d\u671f\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u4f17\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u540e\u671f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5c55\u5e76\u4e0d\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u518d\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301(\u5177\u4f53\u5e74\u4efd\u4e0d\u8be6)\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u4f9d\u501f\u65e5\u672c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u9879\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u80ce\u6b7b\u8179\u4e2d\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e5\u672c\u7535\u955c\u5382\u5546\u5728\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u5360\u5f97\u5148\u624b\u3002 \u4f46CEOS\u540e\u4e0eFEI\u7b7e\u8ba2\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5373CEOS\u4e0d\u80fd\u5411FEI\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u7535\u5b50JEOL\uff0c\u65e5\u7acbHitachi\u7b49\u7535\u955c\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u6821\u6b63\u5668\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u62a5\uff0cFEI\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u9500\u552e\u4e00\u53f0\u642d\u8f7dCEOS\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7535\u955c\u5373\u4f1a\u5411CEOS\u652f\u4ed8\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u9020\u6210FEI\u5728\u7535\u955c\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u72ec\u5927\u3002\u4e5f\u903c\u5f97JEOL\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u81ea\u4e3b\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5e76\u6162\u6162\u8d76\u8d85\u30022016\u5e74\uff0cFEI\u88abThermo Fisher Scientific \u9ad8\u4ef7\u6536\u8d2d\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u91cf\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668(energy filter)\u7684Gatan\u516c\u53f8(\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u76f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9b\u8d27\u65b9\u4e3a\u5404\u5927\u7535\u955c\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u63d0\u4f9bTEM\u4e0a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c \u662f\u505a\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u635f\u5931\u5149\u8c31\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u91cf\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u786c\u4ef6)\uff0c \u4eca\u5e74\u4e5f\u88abThermo Fisher Scientific\u6536\u8d2d\u3002FEI\u4e0eGatan\u5728Thermo Fisher\u7684\u5927\u65d7\u4e0b\u9616\u5bb6\u6b22\u4e50\uff0c\u4e00\u7247\u7965\u548c\uff0c\u60f3\u5fc5\u5bf9JEOL\u6765\u8bf4\u53c8\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u3002 ]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/2-40.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-151982\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/2-40.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"710\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/2-40.png 710w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/2-40-300x255.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u4e8c (a)\u7403\u5f62\u76f8\u5dee\u6548\u679c(b)\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u793a\u610f\u56fe [\u56fe\u50cf\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6587\u732e<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[vii]<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-49.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-151983\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-49.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"145\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-49.jpg 420w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-49-300x104.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u4e09 \u591a\u6781\u7535\u78c1\u68f1\u955c(multipole)\u793a\u610f\u56fe(\u5149\u8f74\u5e73\u884c\u4e8ez\u65b9\u5411)[\u56fe\u50cf\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[viii]<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-46.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-151984\" src=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-46.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"452\" height=\"757\" srcset=\"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-46.jpg 452w, \/\/m.iemloyee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-46-179x300.jpg 179w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u56db BaTiO<sub>3<\/sub>[011]\u6676\u5411\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8TEM\u56fe\u50cf [\u56fe\u50cf\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6587\u732e<sup>6<\/sup>]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u540e\u8bb0<\/strong> <strong>\uff08\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7ec4\u6253\u4e2a\u5e7f\u544a\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rose\u6559\u6388\u73b0\u4efb\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e4c\u5c14\u59c6\u5927\u5b66(Universit\u00e4t Ulm)\u6750\u6599\u7535\u955c\u7ec4\u8363\u8a89\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ee583\u5c81\u7684\u9ad8\u9f84\u4f9d\u7136\u594b\u6218\u5728\u79d1\u7814\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ebf\u3002\u4e0eUte Kaiser\u6559\u6388\uff0cMaximilian Haider\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u7403\u5dee\u52a0\u8272\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4f4e\u7535\u538b\u8303\u56f4 (20\u201480kV)\u3002\u5728\u4e4c\u5c14\u59c6\u5927\u5b66\uff0cCEOS\u516c\u53f8\uff0cFEI\u516c\u53f8(\u73b0\u5c5eThermo Fisher Scientific)\u7684\u901a\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0b\uff0cSALVE \u7535\u955c(Sub-Angstrom Low-Voltage Electron Microscopy, www.salve-project.de) \u4e8e2016\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u7814\u53d1\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u4e8e2017\u5e74\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8be5\u4f4e\u538b\u7535\u955c\u572880kV\u52a0\u901f\u7535\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u8fbe0.076nm (\u53ef\u4e0e\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63FEI Titan\u5728300kV\u4e0b\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e)\uff0c\u572820kV\u52a0\u901f\u7535\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4ecd\u4fdd\u67090.139nm<a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[ix]<\/a>\u3002 SALVE\u7535\u955c\u7684\u521d\u8877\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u964d\u4f4e\u7535\u5b50\u52a0\u901f\u7535\u538b\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u7535\u955c\u89c2\u6d4b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8f90\u7167\u635f\u4f24\uff0c\u82e5\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6709\u5173SALVE\u7535\u955c\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> H. Qi, Characterization of nickelate-based short-period super-lattices using transmission electron microscopy. \u00a0\u00a0Dissertation, Ulm University, 2017 (oparu.uni-ulm.de)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[ii]<\/a> O. Scherzer, <em>Optik<\/em>, 2, 114 (1947)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[iii]<\/a> H. Rose, <em>Optik<\/em>, 85, 19 (1990)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[iv]<\/a> M. Haider, S. Uhlemann, E. Schwan, H. Rose, B. Kabius and K. Urban, <em>Nature<\/em>, 392, 768 (1998)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[v]<\/a> C.L. Jia, M. Lentzen and K. Urban, <em>Science<\/em>, 299, 870 (2003)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[vi]<\/a> C.L. Jia and K. Urban, <em>Science<\/em>, 303, 2001 (2004)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[vii]<\/a> K.Urban, <em>Science<\/em>, 321, 506 (2008)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[viii]<\/a> R. Leary and R. Brydson, <em>Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics<\/em>, 165, 73 (2011)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[ix]<\/a> M. Linck, P. Hartel, S. Uhlemann, F. Kahl, H. M\u00fcller, J. Zach, M. Haider, M. Niestadt, M. Bischoff, J. Biskupek, Z. Lee, T. Lehnert, F. B\u00f6rrnert, H. Rose and U. Kaiser, <em>Phys. Rev. Lett.<\/em>, 117, 076101 (2016)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u621a\u6d69\u8fdc\uff0c2011\u5e74\u5e95\u83b7\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e4c\u5c14\u59c6\u5927\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u6750\u6599\u7406\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u6821\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c \u5e08\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u77e5\u540d\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u4e13\u5bb6Ute Kaiser\u6559\u6388\u4ee5\u53ca\u7403\u5dee\u77eb\u6b63\u9f3b\u7956Harald Rose\u6559\u6388\u3002\u535a\u58eb\u671f\u95f4\u4ee5\u5176\u51fa\u4f17\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u80fd\u529b\u591a\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u6b27\u6d32\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u534f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fb7\u56fd\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u534f\u4f1a\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u30022017\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c \u4efb\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e4c\u5c14\u59c6\u5927\u5b66\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u7ec4\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u65b0\u578b\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7403\u5dee\u77eb\u6b63\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u5728\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2012\u5e74\u81f32016\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u653b\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u65b0\u578b\u65e0\u673a\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u6210\u50cf\u53ca\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5305\u62ec\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u8d85\u6676\u683c\u4e2d\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c \u6c2e\u5316\u9553-\u6c2e\u5316\u94df\u9553\u91cf\u5b50\u52bf\u4e95\u4e2d\u6676\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\u6210\u56e0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u65e0\u673a\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ebf\u4e2d\u6676\u754c\u8868\u5f81\uff0c \u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92\u5f62\u8c8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ed3\u6784\u786e\u5b9a\u7b49\u30022016\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c \u6b65\u5165\u6709\u673a\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u5f81\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u754c\u9762\u5408\u6210\u4e8c\u7ef4\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u5f81\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u7a81\u51fa\u6210\u7ee9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5fb7\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u7cbe\u901a\u5982\u4e0b\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u7269\u955c\u7403\u5dee\u77eb\u6b63\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u663e\u5fae\u6210\u50cf (Aberration-corrected high-resolution TEM)\uff1b\u9009\u533a\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04 (Selected-area electron diffraction)\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u4e09\u7ef4\u91cd\u6784 (Electron diffraction tomography)\uff1b\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u635f\u5931\u5149\u8c31 (Electron energy loss spectroscopy)\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u8fc7\u6ee4\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u672f (Energy-filtered TEM)\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u9080\u8bf7\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u4e13\u680f\u79d1\u6280\u987e\u95ee\u621a\u6d69\u8fdc\u64b0\u7a3f\u7403\u5dee\u7535\u955c\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u3002 [\u4f5c\u8005\u6ce8: \u672c\u6587\u7b80\u8ff0\u7403\u5dee\u6821\u6b63\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55(Aberration-cor&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-151980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ganhuo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151980"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=151980"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151980\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":152042,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151980\/revisions\/152042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=151980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=151980"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=151980"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}