{"id":138530,"date":"2018-05-21T06:30:38","date_gmt":"2018-05-20T22:30:38","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=138530"},"modified":"2018-05-20T11:45:09","modified_gmt":"2018-05-20T03:45:09","slug":"progress-in-materials-science%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e9%ab%98%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e7%a1%92%e5%8c%96%e9%94%a1%e5%9f%ba%e7%83%ad%e7%94%b5%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99%e7%9a%84%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e8%bf%9b%e5%b1%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.iemloyee.com\/?p=138530","title":{"rendered":"\u9876\u520a\u7efc\u8ff0\u62a5\u9053\uff1a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7852\u5316\u9521\u57fa\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e0e\u6311\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7164\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7b49\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u4e3a\u80fd\u6e90\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u5371\u673a\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f13\u89e3\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u8fc7\u5feb\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u80fd\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u80fd\u6e90\u6280\u672f\u3002\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fa\u6001\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u80fd\u6e90\u5371\u673a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n 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K\u4e0b\u53ef\u8fbe\u52302.6\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u8f83\u5dee\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u82db\u523b\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u751f\u957f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5355\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5f88\u96be\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u70ed\u7535\u5668\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0cp\u578b\u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u57fa\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u800cn\u578b\u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u867d\u7565\u900a\u4e8ep\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u6f5c\u529b\u8f83\u4e3a\u53ef\u89c2\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n \u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7852\u5316\u9521\u57fa\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u65e7\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u603b\u7ed3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u5e76\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u8be5\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5236\u7ea6\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u63a2\u7d22\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u827a\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u800c\u8a00\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n \u3010\u6210\u679c\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e3a\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u6982\u8ff0\u7852\u5316\u9521\u57fa\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5357\u6606\u58eb\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u9648\u5fd7\u521a\u526f\u6559\u6388\u548c\u6606\u58eb\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u90b9\u8fdb\u6559\u6388\u56e2\u961f<\/strong>\u53d1\u8868\u6700\u65b0\u957f\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u5176\u9ad8\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u70ed\u529b\u5b66<\/strong>\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u58f0\u5b50\u6563\u5c04<\/strong>\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u5185\u5916\u5e94\u529b<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c27\u5316\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\u5bf9\u5176\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u7efc\u8ff0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong>\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5173\u4e8e\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5355\u6676\u3001\u591a\u6676\u5757\u4f53\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5408\u6210\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u5f81\u548c\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u7efc\u8ff0\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7852\u5316\u9521\u57fa\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n \u3010\u56fe\u6587\u5bfc\u8bfb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>1.<\/strong> \u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u4f18\u503c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002(a) n<\/em>\u578b\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\uff0c(b) p<\/em>\u578b\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>2<\/strong>.<\/strong> (a) Sn-Se \u76f8\u56fe\uff0c\u7852\u5316\u9521\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\uff0c\u5373\u03b1\u76f8\u548c\u03b2\u76f8\u3002(b) \u70ed\u91cd\u5206\u6790\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c(c) \u5dee\u70ed\u5206\u6790\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u70ed\u91cd\u4e0e\u5dee\u70ed\u5206\u6790\u5747\u5728\u6c2e\u6c14\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>3.<\/strong> (a) \u03b1-SnSe \u7684\u5355\u80de\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbf\u7740 (b) a<\/em>\u8f74\uff0c(c) b<\/em>\u8f74\u548c (d) c<\/em>\u8f74\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>4.<\/strong> (a) \u03b2-SnSe \u7684\u5355\u80de\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbf\u7740 (b) a<\/em>\u8f74\uff0c(c) b<\/em>\u8f74\u548c (d) c<\/em>\u8f74\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>5.<\/strong> (a) Sn\u548c(b) Se \u539f\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(c) Sn\u548c(d) Se \u539f\u5b50\u7684\u70ed\u53c2\u6570\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe6.<\/strong> (a) \u8c10\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u8c10\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u4ee5\u53ca(b) \u7852\u5316\u9521\u6676\u4f53\u4e2dSn\u4e0eSe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u632f\u952e\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u0424<\/em>(r<\/em>)\uff0ca<\/em>0<\/sub> \u53car<\/em> \u5206\u522b\u662f\u52bf\u80fd, \u6676\u683c\u5e38\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u76f8\u90bb\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>7. <\/strong>\u00a0(a) \u03b1-SnSe\u53ca(b) \u03b2-SnSe\u7684\u58f0\u5b50\u5206\u6563\u53ca\u5176\u6700\u4f18\u5e73\u8861\u4e0b\u7684\u6001\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u9891\u7387\u53d8\u5316\u7684(c) \u6001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u548c(d) \u7d2f\u79ef\u767e\u5206\u6570\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>8. <\/strong>\u7852\u5316\u9521\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u58f0\u5b50\u6563\u5c04\u6e90\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>9.<\/strong> (a) \u7852\u5316\u9521\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u7531\u626b\u63cf\u96a7\u9053\u663e\u5fae\u955cSTM\u8868\u5f81\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c(b) \u7852\u5316\u9521\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u7531\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955cHRTEM\u8868\u5f81\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c(c) \u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u53d6\u5411\u5206\u5e03\u53ca\u5176\u6676\u754c\uff0c\u7531\u7535\u5b50\u80cc\u6563\u5c04\u884d\u5c04\u56fe\u8c31EBSD \u8868\u5f81\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c(d) \u58f0\u5b50\u6563\u5c04\u5168\u8c31\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c(e) \u4f4e\u500d\u4ee5\u53ca(f) \u9ad8\u500dHRTEM\u4e0b\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6790\u51fa\u76f8\u53ca\u5176\u9009\u533a\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u6591SAED\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9677\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u6563\u5c04\u4e0d\u540c\u9891\u7387\u7684\u58f0\u5b50\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>10.<\/strong> (a) \u57fa\u4e8e\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u538b\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7535\u963b\u68af\u5ea6\u56fe\uff0c (b) \u5206\u522b\u57285.6 GPa\u548c8.2 GPa\u4e0b\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u4e09\u8f74\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\uff0c(c) \u968f\u538b\u529b\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5750\u6807\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(d) \u968f\u538b\u529b\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6676\u683c\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>11.<\/strong> \u5206\u522b\u57280 GPa \u4e0e4 GPa \u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a(a) 0 GPa\u4e0b\u7684\u03c3<\/em>\/\u03c4<\/em>\uff0c(b) 0 GPa\u4e0b\u7684S<\/em>\uff0c(c) 0 GPa\u4e0b\u7684S<\/em>2<\/sup>\u03c3<\/em>\/\u03c4<\/em>\uff0c(d) 4 GPa \u4e0b\u7684\u03c3<\/em>\/\u03c4<\/em>\uff0c(e) 4 GPa \u4e0b\u7684S<\/em>\uff0c(f) 4 GPa \u4e0b\u7684S<\/em>2<\/sup>\u03c3<\/em>\/\u03c4<\/em> \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(g) \u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u03ba<\/em>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u03c4<\/em>\u662f\u8c6b\u9a70\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u03c3<\/em>\u662f\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\uff0cS<\/em>\u662f\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u7cfb\u6570\uff0cS<\/em>2<\/sup>\u03c3<\/em>\u662f\u529f\u7387\u56e0\u5b50\u3002(h) \u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u5207\u5e94\u529b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>12.<\/strong> (a) \u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u5728873 K\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u9759\u7f6e7\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u7684\u8868\u9762X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u7ed3\u679c\uff08XRD\u8c31\uff09\uff0c(b) \u7852\u5316\u9521\u53ca\u5176\u8868\u9762\u6c27\u5316\u5c42\u7684\u622a\u9762\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u7403\u5dee\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c(c) \u7852\u5316\u9521\u672c\u4f53\u7684\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u53d8\u6362\u884d\u5c04\u6591\uff0c(d) \u7852\u5316\u9521\u8868\u9762\u6c27\u5316\u5c42\u7684\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u53d8\u6362\u884d\u5c04\u6591\uff0c(e) Se\uff0c(f) Sn\uff0c(g) O\u53ca(h) Sn\u4e0eSe\u7684\u80fd\u8c31EDS\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(i) \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e0e\u7852\u5316\u9521\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f2\u7ebf\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u03b1-Sn1-x<\/em><\/sub>Se\u5c42\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>13.<\/strong> (a) \u03b1-SnSe \u4e0e(b) \u03b2-SnSe\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c(c) \u03b1-SnSe \u4e0e(d) \u03b2-SnSe\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4e0e\u90e8\u5206\u6001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(e) \u03b1-SnSe \u4e0e(f) \u03b2-SnSe\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8d39\u7c73\u80fd\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>14.<\/strong> (a) \u666e\u901a\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e03\u91cc\u6e0a\u533a\uff0c(b) \u65bd\u52a03 %\u7684\u538b\u5e94\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c(c) \u65bd\u52a03 %\u7684\u62c9\u5e94\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c \u4ee5\u53ca(d) \u968f\u7740\u5e94\u529b\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5355\u80de\u4f53\u79ef\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e26\u9699\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>15.<\/strong> \u7ecf\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6cbf\u7740(a) a<\/em>\u8f74\uff0c(b) b<\/em>\u8f74\u53ca(c) c<\/em>\u8f74\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u529b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u7cfb\u6570\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c(d) \u4e0d\u540c\u63ba\u6742\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u5355\u80de\u4f53\u79ef\u968f\u63ba\u6742\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c(e) \u4e0d\u540c\u63ba\u6742\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b5 mol % \u63ba\u6742\u91cf\u7684\u6676\u683c\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u03bal<\/sub><\/em> \u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(f) \u4e0d\u540c\u63ba\u6742\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u03bal<\/sub><\/em>\u968f\u63ba\u6742\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>16.<\/strong> \u7ecf\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684 (a) n<\/em>\u578b Bi0.028<\/sub>Sn0.972<\/sub>Se \u4ee5\u53ca (b) p<\/em>\u578b Ag0.028<\/sub>Sn0.972<\/sub>Se \u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c(c) \u672a\u63ba\u6742\u4ee5\u53ca(d) 3 % \u94a0\u63ba\u6742\u7684\u03b1-SnSe \u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>17.<\/strong> \u7ecf\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684(a) 3 % \u94a0\u63ba\u6742\u7684\u03b1-SnSe \u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c(b) Sn1-x<\/em><\/sub>Nax<\/sub><\/em>Se (x<\/em> = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04)\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u7740(c) \u63ba\u6742\u91cf\u53ca(d) \u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8d39\u7c73\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>18.<\/strong> \u7ecf\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684750 K\u4e0b\u968f\u7740\u8f7d\u6d41\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6n<\/em>\u53d8\u5316\u7684(a) \u03c3<\/em>\uff0c(b) S<\/em>\uff0c(c) S2<\/sup>\u03c3<\/em>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(d) ZT<\/em> \u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>19. <\/strong>(a) \u7acb\u65b9\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u03c0-SnSe \u7684\u5355\u80de\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\uff0c(b) \u7ecf\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5e26\u9699\u503c\uff0c(c) \u7ecf\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684S<\/em>\uff0cS<\/em>2<\/sup>\ud835\udf0e \u53caZT<\/em> \u503c\u3002(d) \u7852\u5316\u9521\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u4fef\u77b0\u56fe\uff0c(e) \u7ecf\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(f) \u7ecf\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u03bal<\/sub><\/em>\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>20.<\/strong> (a) \u5355\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u6cbf\u7279\u5b9a\u53d6\u5411\u7684XRD \u8c31\uff0c(b) \u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 EBSD \u56fe\uff0c(c) \u7ecf\u7531STM\u8868\u5f81\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff08001\uff09\u9762\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f62\u8c8c\uff0c(d) \u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7167\u7247\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684SAED\u884d\u5c04\u6591\uff0c(e) \u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u7684\u03b1-SnSe\u53ca(f)820 K\u4e0b\u7684 \u03b2-SnSe\u7684SAED\u884d\u5c04\u6591\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>21.<\/strong> (a) p<\/em>\u578bSn1-x<\/em><\/sub>Rx<\/sub><\/em>Se (R = Ag, Na; x <\/em>= 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03)\u5355\u6676\u5757\u4f53\u6cbf\u7279\u5b9a\u53d6\u5411\u7684XRD \u8c31\uff0c(b) \u94cb\u63ba\u6742\u7684n<\/em>\u578b\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5355\u6676\u8868\u9762STM \u7167\u7247\uff0c(c) \u94a0\u63ba\u6742\u7684\u5355\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u4f4e\u500d\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176(d) \u7403\u5dee\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u7167\u7247\u3002\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8ABF \u539f\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u56fe\u3002\u7ea2\u8272\u7bad\u5934\u663e\u793a\u5c42\u9519\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u7bad\u5934\u663e\u793a\u5203\u578b\u4f4d\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>22.<\/strong> (a) \u677f\u6761\u72b6\u5355\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5fae\u6676\u7684XRD \u8c31\u53ca\u5149\u5b66\u7167\u7247\uff0c(b) \u653e\u5927\u7684XRD \u8c31\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5176\u5cf0\u504f\uff0c(c) \u5e73\u5747\u7c92\u5f84\u4e3a30\u5fae\u7c73\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5fae\u6676\u7684SEM\u626b\u63cf\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7167\u7247\uff0c(d) \u5e73\u5747\u7c92\u5f84\u4e3a100\u5fae\u7c73\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5fae\u6676\u7684SEM\u7167\u7247\uff0c(e) \u5355\u4e2a\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5fae\u6676\u7684\u9ad8\u500dSEM\u7167\u7247\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5176\u6676\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c(f) \u5355\u4e2a\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5fae\u6676\u7684\u4f4e\u500dTEM\u7167\u7247\uff0c(g) \u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u7167\u7247\u4ee5\u53ca (h) SAED\u884d\u5c04\u6591\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>23.<\/strong> \u5355\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u6cbf\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u8f74\u5411\u6d4b\u91cf\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\uff1a(a) \u03c3<\/em>\uff0c(b) S<\/em>\uff0c(c) S2<\/sup>\u03c3<\/em>\uff0c(d) n<\/em>\uff0c(e) \u8f7d\u6d41\u5b50\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387\u03bc<\/em>\uff0c (f) \ud835\udf05\uff0c(g) \ud835\udf05l<\/sub><\/em>\uff0c(h) \ud835\udf05l<\/sub><\/em>\/\ud835\udf05 \u4ee5\u53ca (i) ZT<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>24.<\/strong> \u4e0d\u540c\u63ba\u6742\u5355\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\uff1a(a) \ud835\udf0e\uff0c(b) S<\/em>\uff0c(c) S2<\/sup><\/em>\ud835\udf0e\uff0c(d) \ud835\udf05 \u4ee5\u53ca(e) ZT<\/em>\u3002(f) \u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u63ba\u6742\u5355\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u7684ZT<\/em>\u5cf0\u503c\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>25.<\/strong> (a) \u7ecf\u7531\u56fa\u6001\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7c89\u672b\u7684 XRD \u8c31\uff0c(b) \u7ecf\u7531\u6eb6\u5242\u70ed\u6cd5\u5408\u6210\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5fae\u6676\u7684 X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u8c31\uff08XPS\uff09\uff0c(c) \u7ecf\u7531\u5fae\u6ce2\u6cd5\u5408\u6210\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5fae\u6676\u7684 EDS\u80fd\u8c31\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(d) 1 %\u7684\u94f6\u4e0e\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5408\u91d1\u5316\u540e\u7684EDS\u80fd\u8c31\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>26.<\/strong> (a) \u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u70e7\u7ed3\u5757\u4f53\u7684 XRD \u8c31\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u8c31\u4e3a\u5782\u76f4\u4e8e\u70e7\u7ed3\u538b\u529b\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u8c31\u4e3a\u5e73\u884c\u4e8e\u70e7\u7ed3\u538b\u529b\u65b9\u5411\uff0c(b) \u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u70e7\u7ed3\u5757\u4f53\u629b\u5149\u8868\u9762\u7684 SEM\u7167\u7247\uff0c(c) \u5782\u76f4\u4e8e\u70e7\u7ed3\u538b\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u5757\u4f53\u65ad\u9762SEM\u7167\u7247\uff0c(d) \u5e73\u884c\u4e8e\u70e7\u7ed3\u538b\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u5757\u4f53\u65ad\u9762SEM\u7167\u7247\uff0c(e) \u70e7\u7ed3\u5757\u4f53\u5207\u7247\u7684 HRTEM \u7167\u7247\u4ee5\u53caSAED\u884d\u5c04\u6591\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>27.<\/strong> \u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u5207\u7247\u5206\u522b\u6cbf\u7740(a) a<\/em> \uff0c(b) b<\/em> \uff0c(c) c<\/em> \u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7403\u5dee\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7535\u955c\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7ea2\u8272\u4e3aSn\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u84dd\u8272\u4e3aSe\u539f\u5b50\uff0c(d) \u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684EDS \u80fd\u8c31\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u5e03\uff0c(e) EBSD\u7167\u7247\u663e\u793a\u5f25\u6563\u5728\u84dd\u8272\u03b1-SnSe\u76f8\u4e2d\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u7acb\u65b9\u76f8SnSe\uff0c(f) \u5f25\u6563\u5728\u03b1-SnSe\u76f8\u4e2d\u7684\u7acb\u65b9\u76f8SnSe\u7684TEM\u7167\u7247\u53ca\u5176SAED \u884d\u5c04\u6591\uff0c(g) \u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u5207\u7247\u7684HRTEM\u7167\u7247\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c(h) \u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u4e0e\u94f6\u5408\u91d1\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5757\u4f53\u5207\u7247\u7684 HRTEM \u7167\u7247\u53ca\u5176FFT\u884d\u5c04\u6591\uff0c(i) \u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u4e0e\u78b2\u5316\u7852\u6df7\u5408\u70e7\u7ed3\u5757\u4f53\u5207\u7247\u7684 HRTEM \u7167\u7247\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u4e3b\u76f8\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u76f8\u7684\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>28.<\/strong> \u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u827a\u5236\u5907\u7684\u591a\u6676\u672a\u63ba\u6742\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a(a) \ud835\udf0e\uff0c(b) S<\/em>\uff0c(c) S2<\/sup><\/em>\ud835\udf0e\uff0c(d) \ud835\udf05\u4ee5\u53ca(e) ZT<\/em>\u3002(f) \u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u827a\u5236\u5907\u7684\u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u7684ZT<\/em>\u5cf0\u503c\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>29.<\/strong> \u4e0d\u540c\u63ba\u6742\u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\uff1a(a) \ud835\udf0e\uff0c(b) S<\/em>\uff0c(c) S2<\/sup><\/em>\ud835\udf0e\uff0c(d) \ud835\udf05 \u4ee5\u53ca(e) ZT<\/em>\u3002(f) \u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u63ba\u6742\u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u7684ZT<\/em>\u5cf0\u503c\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>30.<\/strong> \u5f15\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u76f8\u7684\u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\uff1a(a) \ud835\udf0e\uff0c(b) S<\/em>\uff0c(c) S2<\/sup><\/em>\ud835\udf0e\uff0c(d) \ud835\udf05 \u4ee5\u53ca(e) ZT<\/em>\u3002(f) \u5f15\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u76f8\u7684\u591a\u6676\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5757\u4f53\u7684ZT<\/em>\u5cf0\u503c\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>31.<\/strong>\u5355\u5c42\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u7684(a) \u4fef\u77b0\u56fe\u53ca(b) \u4fa7\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c(c) \u7852\u5316\u9521\u5728bc<\/em>\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7535\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(d) \u5355\u5c42\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>32.<\/strong> \u7ecf\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6cbf\u7740(a) c<\/em>\u8f74\u53ca (b) b<\/em>\u8f74\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5e94\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6cbf\u7740(c) c<\/em>\u8f74\u53ca (d) b<\/em>\u8f74\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u7852\u5316\u9521\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5e94\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u80fd\u7ea7\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>33.<\/strong> \u7ecf\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6e29\u5ea6\u53ca\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u7852\u5316\u9521\uff1a(a) \u968f\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u53d8\u5316\u7684S<\/em>\uff0c(b) \u968f\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u53d8\u5316\u7684\ud835\udf0e\uff0c(c) \u968f\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u53d8\u5316\u7684S<\/em>2<\/sup>\ud835\udf0e\uff0c(d) \u968f\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u53d8\u5316\u7684 \ud835\udf05e<\/sub><\/em>\uff0c(e) \u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\ud835\udf05l<\/sub><\/em>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(f) \u968f\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u53d8\u5316\u7684ZT<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>34.<\/strong> (a) STO \u886c\u5e95\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u8868\u9762\u7684\u7852\u5316\u94cb\u548c\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7684XRD\u8c31\uff0c (b) \u7852\u5316\u9521\u8584\u5c42\u7684STM \u7167\u7247(60 nm \u00d7 60 nm)\u53ca\u622a\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c(c) STO \u886c\u5e95\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u8868\u9762\u7684\u7852\u5316\u94cb\u548c\u7852\u5316\u9521\u622a\u9762\u5207\u7247\u7684 HRTEM\u7167\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>35.<\/strong> (a) \u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u6c89\u79ef\u89d2\u5ea6\u548c80\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u6c89\u79ef\u8584\u819c\u7684 XRD\u8c31\uff0c\u5728 (b) \u6b63\u5e38\u6c89\u79ef\u89d2\u5ea6\u548c (c) 80\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u6c89\u79ef\u8584\u819c\u7684\u622a\u9762SEM\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\uff1a(d) \ud835\udf0e\uff0c(e) S<\/em>\uff0c(f) S2<\/sup><\/em>\ud835\udf0e\u548c(g) \ud835\udf05\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>36.<\/strong> (a) \u7852\u5316\u9521\u8584\u819c\u7684Raman\u62c9\u66fc\u8c31\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u4f4e\u6e29\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\uff1a (b) \ud835\udf0e\uff0c(c) S<\/em>\uff0c(d) S2<\/sup><\/em>\ud835\udf0e\uff0c(e) \ud835\udf05 \u548c(f) ZT<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n \u56fe<\/strong>37.<\/strong> \u539a\u5ea6\u4e3a(a) 54.9 nm\u53ca(b) 6.8 \u00c5\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u7684AFM\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u53caSEM\u7167\u7247\uff0c(c) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684HRTEM\u7167\u7247\u53caSAED\u884d\u5c04\u6591\uff0c(d) \u5206\u522b\u4f7f\u7528Ag \u4e0eAu\u9488\u811a\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u7684\u7535\u4f20\u8f93\u6027\u80fd\uff0c(e) \u4f7f\u7528Ag\u9488\u811a\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u7684\u7535\u6d41-\u7535\u538b\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca (f) \u4f7f\u7528Au\u9488\u811a\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7852\u5316\u9521\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u7684\u7535\u6d41-\u7535\u538b\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n
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